Comparison of Hull-less Barley, Barley, or Corn for Lactating Cows: Effects on Extent of Digestion and Milk Production

Yang, Wenzhu; Beauchemin, K. A.; Koenig, K. M.; Rode, L. M.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76200-3

Cited by 78 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In contrast to our findings, Khalili et al (2001) reported an increase in milk protein and lactose yield in combination with increased MY when replacing dietary barley with maize. In this work, the milk composition was not altered by the starch source; this finding is consistent with the results of other researchers (DePeters and Taylor, 1985;McCarthy et al, 1989;Yang et al, 1997;Silveira et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In some cases, maize supplements have been found to increase MY relative to that observed with barley (McCarthy et al, 1989;Overton et al, 1995;Khalili et al, 2001); however, this effect is not always observed (DePeters and Taylor, 1985;Grings et al, 1992;Yang et al, 1997). In our experiment, the yield of milk constituents was also not affected by the type of the concentrate starch, probably because of the absence of differences in MY.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…This could account for the fact that barley and maize were observed to have different effects on DMI in studies using high dietary NFC concentrations (McCarthy et al, 1989;Overton et al, 1995) but had near-identical effects in studies with low dietary NFC levels (Grings et al, 1992). However, the study of Yang et al (1997) does not support this speculation, as they observed no differences in the DMI and MY of cows fed barley compared with maize, even though their dietary NFC concentrations were comparable with those used by McCarthy et al (1989). In this study, the dietary NDF levels for B diets were comparable with those of the M diets, and the dietary NFC levels were comparable with those used in other studies (Overton et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of and interactions between the maturity of grass silage and concentrate starch source when offered as total mixed rations on the performance of dairy cows

Tahir

Lund

Hetta

2013

Animal

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A 2 3 2 factorial feeding experiment was conducted to examine the effects of varying the maturity level of the grass used to prepare silage and the nature of concentrate starch source and their interactions on dry matter intake (DMI), diet digestibility, energy corrected milk (ECM) production and milk composition in dairy cows. Twenty-eight multiparous Swedish Red dairy cows, 133 6 45 days in milk (DIM), with an average milk yield of 30 6 4 kg/day and a live weight of 624 6 69 kg were blocked by DIM and randomly assigned to seven replicated balanced 4 3 4 Latin squares with four 21-day experimental periods. The experimental diets consisted of four total mixed rations (TMR) consisting of early-cut grass silage (EGS) supplemented with either barley-or maize-based concentrate and late-cut grass silage (LGS) supplemented with either barley-or maize-based concentrate. All TMR contained identical proportions of forage (51%) and concentrate (49%). Total tract digestibility was estimated by determining indigestible NDF (iNDF) concentrations in feeds and faeces and using iNDF as an internal marker. The feeds' ruminal degradation parameters were determined using both in situ (nylon bag) and in vitro (gas production (GP)) techniques. Cows offered diets containing EGS had greater (P , 0.001) daily dry matter (DM) intakes, ECM yields and total tract digestibilities for DM and organic matter (OM), but these were not affected by the nature of the concentrate starch source. No interaction between the maturity of the silage and the nature of the concentrate starch source was observed for DMI, diet digestibility or ECM yield. Both grass silages and concentrates had similar rates of ruminal degradation of NDF when measured in situ. The in situ DM (P , 0.001) and starch (P 5 0.001) degradation rates of barley-based concentrate were greater than those for maize-based concentrate. In vitro OM GP rates and extents were similar for both concentrate feeds. The results showed that diets containing EGS offered better animal performance and diet digestibility than diets containing LGS. The concentrate starch source did not affect animal performance, but total NDF digestibility was better with diet containing barley-than maize-based concentrate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of and interactions between the maturity of grass silage and concentrate starch source when offered as total mixed rations on the performance of dairy cows

Tahir

Lund

Hetta

2013

Animal

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“…In general, fermentation of structural carbohydrates yields greater amounts of acetic acid and lower amounts of propionic acid compared with the fermentation of starch, which yield greater amounts of propionic acid. The greater rates of starch degradation for BBD compared with CBD led to greater propionate concentrations in the former and greater acetate concentrations for the latter consistent with the findings of previous studies (McCarthy et al, 1989;Casper et al, 1990;Yang et al, 1997;Khorasani et al, 2001). Greater concentrations of acetate for rolling than for grinding and greater concentrations of propionate for grinding than for rolling could be attributed to the inverse relationship between acetate and propionate, which reflect the relative proportions of cellulolytic and amylolytic bacteria in the rumen (Knowlton et al, 1996;Dehority and Orpin, 2003).…”

Section: Rumen Fermentationsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of grain type and processing method on rumen fermentation and milk rumenic acid production

Mohammed

Kennelly

Kramer

et al. 2010

Animal

Self Cite

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It was hypothesized that differences in starch degradability account for observed differences in rumen vaccenic acid (t11-18:1) and milk rumenic acid (RA) concentrations. To test this hypothesis, starch degradability was varied through grain source and by processing. Eight Holstein cows in mid-lactation were assigned to two 4 3 4 Latin squares with four 21-day periods and four diets: dry rolled barley, ground barley, dry rolled corn and ground corn. Diets contained similar starch content and were supplemented with whole sunflower seed to provide similar total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (18:2n-6 1 18:3n-3) contents. Forage/ concentrate ratios of all diets were 42 : 58. Rumen, plasma and milk samples were collected in the third week of each period. In situ degradation rates (%/h) for rolled corn, ground corn, rolled barley and ground barley were 5.4, 8.9, 17.0 and 19.4, respectively, for dry matter (DM) and 6.3, 10.8, 25.3 and 43.8, respectively, for starch. DM intakes were greater for corn-based diets (CBD) than for barley-based diets (BBD) with no difference between rolled and ground diets. Daily minimum rumen pH was less (5.2 v. 5.5) and pH duration ,5.8 (h/d) was greater (7.4 v. 4.3) for BBD than for CBD. Milk fat content and yield were less for BBD than for CBD with greater values observed for rolling compared with grinding. Variability in milk fat yield was strongly related (R 2 5 0.55; P , 0.01) to total starch intake (45%) and milk c9t11-CLA (10%) and none of the t-18:1 isomers or CLA isomers that are typically associated with milk fat depression entered the model. The concentrations (%) of t10-18:1 and t11-18:1 were greater for BBD than for CBD in rumen contents (t10-18:1, 3.5 v. 1.3; t11-18:1, 3.2 v. 1.9), plasma (t10-18:1, 1.2 v. 0.2; t11-18:1, 0.97 v. 0.58) and milk (t10-18:1, 3.8 v. 1.0; t11-18:1, 2.6 v. 1.7) despite greater total PUFA intakes for CBD. Milk RA concentration was greater for BBD than for CBD (1.46 v. 0.89) but was not influenced by the method of grain processing. This study clearly demonstrated that the milk content and profile of t-18:1 and CLA isomers were more strongly influenced by the source of grain starch (barley . corn) than by the method of grain processing indicating that factors inherent in the source of starch were responsible for the observed differences and these factors could not be modified by the processing methods used in this study.Keywords: grain processing, vaccenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, corn, barley ImplicationsConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a component of milk fat with demonstrated health benefits. It was hypothesized that a difference in rate of starch digestion, varied through source of grain and processing method (rolling v. grinding), would influence rumen PUFA digestion and thus milk CLA. Concentrations of ruminal CLA precursors and milk CLA were greater for barley-based diets than corn-based diets but were not different between rolling and grinding indicating that factors inherent in the source of starch were responsible for the observed ...

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“…YANG et al (1997). A produção de leite apresentou uma média geral de 26,95 ±0,12 kg/dia, decrescendo linearmente (P<0,05) com o aumento do nível de cevada na dieta (TABELA 4).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Utilização Do Grão De Cevada Em Substituição Ao Milho Em Dietas Para Vacas Em Lactação

Córdova¹,

Neto²,

Gomes³

et al. 2005

AVS

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Autor para correspondência: André Thaler Neto -thaler@cav.udesc.br.RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição total e parcial de grãos de milho moídos por grãos de cevada laminados sobre a produção e a composição do leite. Foram utilizadas 28 vacas holandesas, com média de 125 dias de lactação, em um delineamento em quadrado latino 4x4. A dieta foi fornecida na forma de dieta totalmente misturada, 1 vez ao dia. Foram testados 4 níveis de substituição de milho por cevada (T1 -0% cevada; T2 -33 % cevada; T3 -66% cevada; e T4 -100% cevada). O experimento teve uma duração total de 105 dias. As vacas foram ordenhadas 2 vezes ao dia e as coletas para determinação da percentagem de gordura, proteína e extrato seco total (EST) e da contagem de células somáticas (CCS) realizadas 2 vezes em cada período experimental e para determinação do nitrogênio uréico no leite (NUL) ao final de cada período. A ingestão de matéria seca decresceu linearmente quando a cevada substituiu o milho. A ingestão de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente ácido e fibra em detergente neutro não foi afetada pela substituição do milho pela cevada. Foi observada redução linear na produção de leite, produção de leite corrigido para 4% de gordura (LCG), produção e percentagem de gordura do leite, enquanto que a percentagem de proteína aumentou linearmente. A eficiência alimentar (EA) foi em média de 1,31 kg de LCG/kg de matéria seca ingerida, não sendo afetada pelas dietas. Também não houve efeito do nível de substituição sobre a produção de proteína, EST, CCS e NUL.Palavras-chave: cevada laminada, composição do leite, níveis, produção de leite.ABSTRACT -In the present research work the effects of partial and total substitution of ground corn grain by dry rolled barley on the milk production and composition were evaluated. Twenty-eight Holstein cows with an average of 125 days in milk were used in a 4x4 latin square design. Once a day, the diet was supplied in a totally mixed ration. Four levels of corn substitution by barley were tested (T1 -0% barley; T2 -33% barley; T3 -67% barley; and T4 -100% barley. The experiment was carried out during 105 days. Cows were milked twice a day and contents of fat, protein, milk total solids, and somatic cell count (SCC) were established twice in each treatment period and the milk urea nitrogen (MUN) at the end of each period. The dry matter intake decreased in a linear fashion when barley replaced corn in the diet. However, the ingestion of crude protein, neutral fiber detergent and acid fiber detergent were not affected when substituting corn by barley. Linear reduction was observed in milk yield, fat corrected milk production and fat and protein contents of the milk, while the protein percentages increased in a linear way. No effect was registered concerning the levels of substitution on the protein production, total solids of the milk, SCC, MUN and on the conversion efficiency.Key-words: dry rolled barley, levels, milk yield, milk composition. IntroduçãoNo Brasil, especialmente na reg...

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Comparison of Hull-less Barley, Barley, or Corn for Lactating Cows: Effects on Extent of Digestion and Milk Production

Cited by 78 publications

References 27 publications

The effects of and interactions between the maturity of grass silage and concentrate starch source when offered as total mixed rations on the performance of dairy cows

The effects of and interactions between the maturity of grass silage and concentrate starch source when offered as total mixed rations on the performance of dairy cows

Effect of grain type and processing method on rumen fermentation and milk rumenic acid production

Utilização Do Grão De Cevada Em Substituição Ao Milho Em Dietas Para Vacas Em Lactação

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