Comparison of IgG3 responses to carbohydrates following mouse infection or immunization with six species ofTrichinella

Abstract

The IgG3 antibody responses to carbohydrate epitopes were compared in BALB/c mice infected or immunized with six species ofTrichinella:T. spiralis(T1),T. nativa(T2),T. britovi(T3), T6,T. nelsoni(T7), and T8. The dynamics of IgG3 responses and antigen recognition following infection or immunization were measured by ELISA and Western blot respectively, using glycosylated and deglycosylated larval crude extracts (LCE) prepared from homologous isolates. A high degree of protein glycosylation was found in all species and with similar profiles. Deglycosylation was completely achieved only in LCE from T1 and T6 isolates. The dynamics of IgG3 responses following infection or immunization significantly differed whereas the antigen recognition profiles appeared similar. Variations in the levels and antigen recognition patterns of IgG3 among the different species were apparent. The highest IgG3 levels were recorded in infections by the T8 isolate and the lowest in infections by the T6 isolate, whereas for immunization the highest IgG3 response was induced by T7 and the lowest by T8. Following antigen deglycosylation, the IgG3 responses were significantly reduced or abrogated and the recognition patterns markedly modified or suppressed in the different species ofTrichinella.

The effect of glycosylation of antigens on the antibody responses againstEchinostoma caproni(Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)

“…In contrast, we only observed a slight decrease in the response against IgG3 after O-deglycosylation whereas no bands remained in the western blots. The fact that the IgG3 subclass may recognize glycan epitopes and carbohydrates is well documented (Snapper et al 1992; Dea-Ayuela et al 2000). It has been shown that certain thymus-independent antigens induce the CD5+ populations to undergo an IgG3 class switch (Drabek et al 1997) upon control of Th1 cytokine IFN- γ (Snapper et al 1992).…”

Induction of protection in murine experimental models againstTrichinella spiralis: an up-to-date review

“…It has been observed consistently that whenever whole-larval extracts are used there is better host protection than when using any isolated parasite antigen, as seen by the reduction in larval or adult worm burden (Behnke et al , 1994; Dea-Ayuela et al , 2000, 2006a, b; Eissa et al , 2003; Deville et al , 2005) (table 1). These responses are within the rage of 50–80% protection in most cases.…”

“…These studies have shown increased Th1 (interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) and Th2 (secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA)) responses from mesenteric lymph nodes as well as an increase in CD4+ lymphocyte numbers in Peyer's patches (Dea-Ayuela et al , 2006b) and intestinal mastocytosis (Behnke et al , 1994). A number of reports have also shown the activation of systemic immune responses, as indicated by elevated levels of total and specific IgG, IgA, IgM, IgG1, IgE (Th1 response) (Behnke et al , 1994; Goyal et al , 1997; McGuire et al , 2002; Abdel-Rahman et al , 2005; Deville et al , 2005; Dea-Ayuela et al , 2006a, b; Dvorožňáková et al , 2011), IgG2a (Th2 response) (McGuire et al , 2002; Dvorožňáková et al , 2011) and even by the increase of IgG3, a subclass isotype considered as a carbohydrate epitope-associated immunoglobulin (Dea-Ayuela et al , 2000). In spite of their relatively high levels of protection, whole-larval extracts may display some toxicity or immunopathogeny derived from an exacerbated Th2 response, an aspect not yet addressed.…”

“…Adjuvants have been used to enhance the humoral and/or cell-mediated immune responses against T. spiralis antigens, as well as to protect the antigens from being diluted, degraded and eliminated by the host (Stills, 2005). Thus various adjuvants have been tested in these studies, including the following: IFA (incomplete Freund's adjuvant), CFA (complete Freund's adjuvant), Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG), methacrylic acid copolymers, Montanide TM IMS1312 and Montanide TM ISA720 (Ortega-Pierres et al , 1989; Behnke et al , 1994; Goyal et al , 1997; Dea-Ayuela et al , 2000, 2006a, b; McGuire et al , 2002; Eissa et al , 2003; Deville et al , 2005) (table 1). While CFA, a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion that contains heat-killed and dried mycobacterial cells, has been widely used and is the most effective adjuvant for experimental antibody production, its use has been limited lately due to the side-effects and variety of lesions that it causes.…”