Comparison of Red and White Voluntary Skeletal Muscles of Several Species of Primates

Beatty, Clarissa H.; Basinger, Glaydis M.; Dully, C. C.; Bocek, Rose Mary

doi:10.1177/14.8.590

Cited by 76 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Foi relatado que o músculo predominantemente vermelho teria mais de 75% de fibras lentas (aeróbicas), que possuem alta capacidade oxidativa e baixa capacidade glicolítica e que o músculo predominantemente branco teria mais de 50% de fibras rápidas (anaeróbicas), com baixa capacidade oxidativa e alta capacidade glicolítica 8 . Três diferentes tipos de fibras foram descritas: as fibras vermelhas lentas (tipo I), que têm baixa capacidade glicolítica, alta capacidade respiratória e baixa atividade miosina-ATPse; as fibras vermelhas rápidas (tipo II A ou tipo intermediário), que possuem alta capacidade glicolí-tica, alta capacidade respiratória e moderada a alta atividade miosina-ATPase; e as fibras brancas rápidas (tipo II B), caracterizadas pela alta capacidade glicolítica, baixa capacidade respiratória e alta atividade miosina-ATPase 9 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Intrauterine energetic malnutrition in rats: skeletal muscle changes in the 1st and 2nd generations

Fl¹,

As²,

Schmidt³

et al. 1999

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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ResumoObjetivo: Estudar o músculo esquelético (ME) de recém-nascidos desnutridos intra-uterinos através de biopsia muscular com estudo histoquímico.Material e Métodos: Utilizaram-se ratas Wistar EPM-1, 90 dias, peso 200 ± 20g, desnutridas durante toda gestação. No 21 o dia de gestação foi colhida biopsia do músculo biceps braquii dos recém-nascidos (RN), obtidos por cesária (1 a geração). Um grupo de RN desnutridos foi recuperado nutricionalmente após o nascimento, pela permanência de seis filhotes/rata nutriz e pela alimentação ad libitum até o 90 0 dia de vida, quando as fêmeas foram colocadas para cruzamento, originando os recém-nascidos da 2ª geração.Resultados: O ganho de peso durante a gestação e o peso do RN foram significativamente diferentes quando comparado cada grupo desnutrido ao seu respectivo grupo controle. As biopsias musculares dos RN desnutridos intra-uterinos apresentaram comprometimento como perda do predomínio de fibra tipo II, diminuição do diâmetro das fibras musculares, baixa atividade oxidativa, proliferação de tecido intersticial e edema. Na segunda geração, os recém-nascidos apresentaram peso corporal adequado, mas mantinham o comprometimento do tecido muscular como diminuição do predomínio de fibras tipo II, diminuição do diâmetro das fibras musculares, baixa atividade oxidativa, presença de aumento de espaço intersticial, aumento de necrose mas sem edema.Conclusão: A desnutrição energética na fase intra-uterina afeta diretamente o ME, podendo causar alterações irreversíveis que se repetem na geração seguinte, indicando a gravidade de a desnutrição ocorrer na fase crítica de desenvolvimento do tecido muscular. AbstractObjective: To study by histochemical analysis the skeletal muscle in malnourished newborn rats submitted to intrauterine malnutrition.Methods: 90 days old female, Wistar EPM-1 rats, with 200 ± 20g body weight, malnourished during the gestation period were studied. At the 21 th day of gestation, muscular biopsy was performed in the biceps bracchi of the newborns, obtained by cesarean (1 st generation). One group of newborn intrauterine malnourished rats had nutritional recovery after birth by staying six/lactating rat and by free feeding up to the 90 th day of life, when the females became pregnant and their offspring formed the 2 nd generation.Results: Weight gain during gestation and body weight of the newborn were significantly different when each malnourished group was compared to its respective control. The muscular biopsies of the malnourished newborns presented tissue involvement, characterized by loss of predominance of type II fibres, low oxidative activity, lessening of muscular fiber diameter, proliferation of intersticial tissue, and edema. In the 2 nd generation, the newborns presented adequate body weight, but maintained muscular tissue involvement, with lessening of predominance of type II fibers, reduction of muscular fiber diameter, low oxidative activity, increase of intersticial space, necrosis, but without edema.Conclusion: The energetic malnutrition ...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Intrauterine energetic malnutrition in rats: skeletal muscle changes in the 1st and 2nd generations

Fl¹,

As²,

Schmidt³

et al. 1999

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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“…Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) (E.C.1.3.9.9): The activity of SDH was estimated according to the method of Beatty et al 32) To sample tubes containing 0.4 ml of tissue homogenate in cold distilled water, 1 ml 0.2 M phosphate buffer, 1 ml 0.1 M sodium succinate (substrate), and 1 ml 2,4-iodophenyl-3,4-nitrophenyl-3,4-nitrophenyl-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride (INT) was added and incubated for 15 min at 37°C. 1 ml distilled water was added to the blank tube instead of INT solution.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration by Vitamin A upon Arsenic Induced Metabolic and Neurotoxic Effects

Gopalkrishnan

Rao

2006

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Arsenic effect was studied at two dosage levels (0.5 mg and 1 mg/kg) for 45 days in two regions of brain, viz., cerebral hemisphere (CH) and cerebellum (C) in adult mice. This study included the antioxidant profile namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid and total sulphydryl groups. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), phosphorylase together with glycogen and protein levels were also estimated as metabolic indices in the brain regions of mice. A notable decrease was detected in the activities of the enzymes and in the levels of other metabolites together with a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation, glycogen and inorganic arsenic levels after arsenic administration. Supplementation of vitamin A to the arsenic treated mice brought about no significant variation in these antioxidant and metabolic indices in comparison to that of control, revealing amelioration by vitamin A on arsenic exerted metabolic and neurotoxic effects in mice.Key words ---arsenic, vitamin A, antioxidant system, metabolic and neurotoxic effect in part by inducing rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammalian cells, resulting in oxidative stress 12,13) and carcinogenesis in man. 14) Studies document that arsenic generates ROS such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide (O 2•-), hydroxyl (OH • ) and peroxyl (ROO • ) radicals. 13) These free radicals and the other reactive species are constantly produced in the brain in vivo.15) Experiments on human fetal brain explants on exposure to arsenic in culture have showed disturbances in lipid peroxidation, generation of ROS and apoptosis. 16) Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) (enzymes of the inner mitochondrial membrane) are concerned with respiration, and energy generation; hence, are essential for cell survival. Respiratory chain is the major source of ROS, hence mitochondrial oxidative damage is thought to be a proximal cause of metabolic effects. 17,18) Metabolism in fish brain was also affected by arsenic poisoning 19) in addition to other pathological effects in general metabolism of animal tissues. 20)

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“…Voluntary muscles from various regions of the rhesus monkey have been graded on an arbitrary scale, according to their histochemical characteristics [4], Muscles composed of more than 75% red fibers were called pre dominantly red muscles, while muscles with less than 50% of red muscles were classified as predominantly white muscles [4], The white muscle fibers have a low oxidative ca pacity and a high glycogenolytic capacity and are 'fast twitch'; the red fibers have a high Fig. 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predominantly red (solcus) and predominantly white (vastus lateralis) muscles [4,5] Values are means ± SE of 6 animals. The results were considered to be significant with p values < 0.05.…”

Section: Enzyme Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure and Activity of Some Enzymes of Energy Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle in Experimental Energy Deficiency

Mehta¹,

Js²,

Mehta³

et al. 1987

Ann Nutr Metab

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The ultrastructure of skeletal muscle and activity of some enzymes of energy metabolism were studied to assess the effect of a deficiency of dietary energy and subsequent nutritional rehabilitation in 24 young, growing, healthy rhesus monkeys. Electron microscopy of muscles on energy-deficient animals showed thinning of myofibrils with widening of interfibrillar space and enlargement and accumulation of mitochondria at subsarcolemmal level. There was an apparent significant reduction in the fiber size. Muscle samples from each animal were analyzed for enzymes representative of glycolysis (phosphofructokinase [PFK] and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], citric-acid cycle (isocitric dehydrogenase [ICDH] and citrate synthase [CS] and regeneration of ATP (creatine kinase [CK]. PFK and LDH activities were significantly augmented in energy-deficient animals. The increase in LDH activity resulted from a large increase in MU (skeletal muscle) LDH subunit. The activities of CS and ICDH were reduced. No alteration of CK in muscle and serum was observed. The morphological structure and enzyme activities returned to normal after nutritional rehabilitation.

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Comparison of Red and White Voluntary Skeletal Muscles of Several Species of Primates

Cited by 76 publications

References 12 publications

Intrauterine energetic malnutrition in rats: skeletal muscle changes in the 1st and 2nd generations

Intrauterine energetic malnutrition in rats: skeletal muscle changes in the 1st and 2nd generations

Amelioration by Vitamin A upon Arsenic Induced Metabolic and Neurotoxic Effects

Ultrastructure and Activity of Some Enzymes of Energy Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle in Experimental Energy Deficiency

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