Comparison of structure, morphology, and topography of fertilizer-based explosives applied in the mining industry

Biessikirski, A.; Kuterasiński, Łukasz; Dworzak, M.; Pyra, J.; Twardosz, Michał

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2018.08.044

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Some of the cracks on the crystal surfaces merged and created small cavities. The crystal surface of the prill was wrinkled and highly porous [1,2,[43][44][45]. The addition of fuel oil (Figure 5a,b) indicated that all surface deformations of ammonium nitrate prill were filled with FO.…”

Section: Anfo and Non-ideal Explosive Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Investigation of Microstructured Charcoal as an ANFO Blasting Enhancer

et al. 2020

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In this study, we examined the influence of microstructured charcoal (MC) when added to ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) samples. We performed a study that investigated ANFOs structure, crystallinity, and morphology by utilizing infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. MC characteristics were probed by Raman spectroscopy and SEM analysis. SEM analysis indicated how fuel oil (FO) covered ammonium nitrate prill. Moreover, the surface of the MC was covered by specific microfibers and microtubes. The disordered graphitic structure of the MC was also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Simulation of blasting properties revealed that the addition of MC should decrease blasting parameters like heat explosion, detonation pressure, and detonation temperature. However, the obtained differences are negligible in comparison with the regular ANFO. All analyses indicated that MC was a good candidate as an additive to ANFO.

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Section: Anfo and Non-ideal Explosive Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Investigation of Microstructured Charcoal as an ANFO Blasting Enhancer

et al. 2020

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“…However, porosity, retention and absorption index are higher by ca. 12-16% in comparison with its AN-F counterpart [3][4][5]. Landucci et al indicate that ammonium(V) nitrate, which is applied in the mining industry, has a 20% void fraction and is much more energy-efficient [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Ammonium Nitrate(V) Porous Prill Assortments and Absorption Index on Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Blasting Properties

et al. 2020

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Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) samples, which were obtained by blending two different types of ammonium nitrate porous prills (i.e., AN-PP7 and AN-PP8) with fuel oil (FO) were studied. Measurements of structure, crystallinity and morphology were performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. From the SEM analysis, it was indicated that a “wrinkled” structure characterized the crystal surface of the samples, which were based on two types of ammonium nitrate porous prill. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) confirmed that AN-PP7 had a higher absorption index in comparison to AN-PP8. Furthermore, it was shown that continuous AN phase transformations at precise temperatures took place. From the blasting test, it was indicated that the absorption index only had an influence on the content of toxic fumes. However, the velocity of detonation (VOD) depended solely on the ANFO density as well as the total volume of post-blast fumes.

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“…6C). This may be related to the presence of fuel oil, which increases contact between particles form by NH 4 NO 3 27, 28. These results question whether the explosive capacity of ANFO samples is modified according to the presence or absence of fossil fuel in the explosive mixture.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Organic Compounds, Spectral Characterization and Morphology of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) Samples

Garzón-Serrano

Sierra

Rodríguez-Bejarano

et al. 2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Ammonium nitrate fuel oil is an explosive mixture found in most antipersonnel landmines (APL) buried throughout the Colombian territory. During more than 50 years of internal conflict, the Colombian government has found that trained dogs are the most effective method to detect APL. However, the olfactive signature in ANFO is unknown and also if there are differences in detection related to the explosive manufacturing origin. Therefore, this work begins with the analytical validation of the method used to determine ammonia, in its derivatized form as carbamate, released by home‐made ANFO using HS‐SPME‐GC‐FID. Once validated, the method was used to identify ammonia and other organic volatile compounds present in ANFO, under laboratory and simulated field conditions. The validation process includes the evaluation of the optimum conditions for the derivation and extraction of butylcarbamate, the determination of the working ranges with linear response in FID, the limits of detection and quantification, the sensitivity, and the precision. The results of the validation established linearity and sensitivity in a concentration between 20 and 120 mg/L, as well as low limits of detection and quantification of 6.4 and 21.4 mg/L, respectively. Also, an intermediate precision of 11% for butylcarbamate with a repeatability of 8%. The validated method showed in real samples of home‐made ANFO besides ammonia, the presence of low molecular methylamines, and also exhibited differences in volatile compositions according to the origin. The objective of this work is to offer a reliable analytical methodology for the extraction and analysis of volatile compounds from ANFO.

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Comparison of structure, morphology, and topography of fertilizer-based explosives applied in the mining industry

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

On the Investigation of Microstructured Charcoal as an ANFO Blasting Enhancer

On the Investigation of Microstructured Charcoal as an ANFO Blasting Enhancer

Influence of the Ammonium Nitrate(V) Porous Prill Assortments and Absorption Index on Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Blasting Properties

Volatile Organic Compounds, Spectral Characterization and Morphology of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) Samples

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