Comparison of the effects of local and systemic dry cow therapy for staphylococcal mastitis control

Bolourchi, M.; Hovareshti, P.; Tabatabayi, A.H.

doi:10.1016/0167-5877(95)00508-0

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[73][74][75] However, no systemic antimicrobial products are labeled for this use in the United States. Following the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act and given that there are IMM products labeled and effective for the elimination of IMI at dry off, the authors feel that systemic antimicrobial use at dry off is not justifiable without clear evidence that the available IMM products are not likely to be clinically effective in a given situation.…”

Section: Treatment Of Mastitis In Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Mastitis in Cattle

Royster

Wagner

2015

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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Section: Treatment Of Mastitis In Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Mastitis in Cattle

Royster

Wagner

2015

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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“…It is still considered to be the most effective practice for eliminating existing, mainly contagious, IMI during the early dry period, even in herds with a low cell count 28 . Its efficacy and advantages are well known 4,6,17,19,24,33,46 . Mastitogenic pathogens that were highly susceptible to antibiotics were practically eliminated from the cow population while at the same time resistant bacteria became dominant.…”

Section: The Effect Of Product Composition On Cure Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Intramammary infection rate during the dry period in cows that received blanket dry cow therapy : efficacy of 6 different dry-cow intra-mammary antimicrobial products

Petzer¹,

Lourens²,

Schans³

et al. 2009

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of 6 different dry-cow intramammary antimicrobial products for the treatment and prevention of mastitis during the dry period in a well-managed high producing Friesland dairy herd, and the influence of treatment on the somatic cell count (SCC) of cows during early lactation. One of 6 dry-cow intramammary antimicrobial products was randomly allocated to 162 cows due for drying off over a period of 14 months. All cows were sampled twice prior to drying off, and twice after calving for the determination of SCC and presence of microorganisms. The quarter prevalence of pathogens at drying off and post-calving, the overall quarter cure rate and the rate of new intramammary infections occurring during the dry period were determined. The overall quarter prevalence of intramammary infections (IMIs) at drying off was 29.78 % and after calving 22.22 %.There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the prevalence of major and minor pathogens at drying off (7.87 % and 21.91 %) and at calving (4.47 % and 17.75 %). The most prevalent pathogens isolated at drying off (21.14 %) and at calving (16.98 %) were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The quarter cure rate during the dry period was 83.94 %. The cure rate for the major pathogens (98%) was significantly better (P < 0.05) than that for minor pathogens (78.9 %).The overall quarter cure rate varied from 72.3 % to 93.9 % for the various products. The rate of new quarter infections during the dry period was 17.44 % with a significant difference (P<0.05), between the prevalence of new quarter infections with major (4.32 %) and minor pathogens (13.12 %). CNS was the most prevalent pathogen causing new quarter infections (12.34 %) and the rate o f new quarter infections varied from 13.4 % to 24.1 % for the various products.It is concluded that there is a difference in efficacy between antimicrobial intramammary dry-cow products in their ability to cure and prevent new IMIs during the dry period. Dry-cow products are mainly formulated for efficacy against Gram-positive cocci, while providing no or little protection against Gram-negative bacteria. Therapeutic levels may persist for only 14 to 28 days into the dry period and fail to protect the udder during the last trimester. Dry-cow therapy should, however, always form part of a holistic approach to the dry period which also considers cow factors, dry-cow management, microorganisms and the environment of the dry cow.

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“…Similarly in a study by Erskine et al cows administered intramuscular oxytetracycline and intra-mammary cephapirin and the cure rates of quarters did not improved compared to quarters treated with cephapirin alone (27). Bolourchi et al, found that systemic enrofloxacin or tylosin at drying off approached but did not increase the efficacy of intramammary infusion (10). The aforementioned studies were performed in herds with high prevalence of S. aureus.…”

Section: Cure Ratementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Norfloxacin was reported as an effective drug for systemic treatment of S. aureus (9). For the same pathogen, Bolourchi et al found that systemic injection of enrofloxacin or tylosin are as efficient as intra-mammary infusion (10). Zecconi reported that administration of tylosin, two weeks before calving, can significantly decrease the IMI rate after calving, compared to those cases treated only at dry off (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of close up antimicrobial therapies for treatment and prevention of subclinical mastitis in the herds with high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus

Amiri

Rad

Heidarpour

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: This field trial was conducted to describe and compare the efficacy of two treatment regimens comprising of pre-calving systemic administrations of marbofloxacin and tylosin in combination with dry cow therapy. For more precise detection of Staphylococcus aureus IMI, PCR (nucA gene) and RAPD-PCR genotyping have been applied. A total of 841 quarters from 212 dry cows within two herds were assigned to three groups TYLO, MARB and CONT. At 21±3 days prior to parturition, tylosin was injected for three days (10 mg/kg, SC) to cows from TYLO and at the same time, single injection of marbofloxacin (8 mg/kg, SC) was administered to cows from MARB. Cows assigned to CONT served as an untreated control. All quarters allocated to the groups received intra-mammary infusion of Kanaclox DC® at drying off. Milk samples from all quarters at one week, before last milking of dry off, 3 and 7 DIM were obtained for bacteriological and oxidative analyses. Results: Despite the fact that no significant differences in total cure rate within the groups was demonstrated, the S. aureus cure rate achieved in TYLO and MARB were 74 and 73.5% respectively both of which being significantly higher than in CONT (58.1%). No significant differences in total new IMI were observed in TYLO (40.9%) and MARB (38.5%) groups compared with CONT group (42.5%). Furthermore the rate of new S. aureus IMI was higher in TYLO (24.5%) and MARB (24.1%) than in CONT (13.8%) group. Clinical mastitis rate in cows that received systemic injections (TYLO=3.8%, MARB=5.8%) was significantly lower than those detected in control cows (CONT=11.3%). Paired S. aureus isolates from dry off and post-calving have been clustered into 9 different RAPD types (A-I). 8 paired strains collected at dry off were identical to those at post-calving and 35 strains had more than 60% of dissimilarity. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that dealing with herds in which S. aureus IMIs are prevalent, using close up broad-spectrum systemic antimicrobial agents can be unrewarding for preventing new S. aureus IMIs. However close up administration of systemic antimicrobials have the potential to reduce the incidence of clinical mastitis during lactation.

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Comparison of the effects of local and systemic dry cow therapy for staphylococcal mastitis control

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Treatment of Mastitis in Cattle

Treatment of Mastitis in Cattle

Intramammary infection rate during the dry period in cows that received blanket dry cow therapy : efficacy of 6 different dry-cow intra-mammary antimicrobial products

Evaluation of close up antimicrobial therapies for treatment and prevention of subclinical mastitis in the herds with high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus

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