Comparison of water, hydroxyproline, uronic acid and elastin contents of bovine knee ligaments and patellar tendon and their relationships with biomechanical properties

Ristaniemi, Aapo; Torniainen, Jari; Stenroth, Lauri; Finnilä, Mikko A. J.; Paakkonen, Tommi; Töyräs, Juha; Korhonen, Rami K.

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103639

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Statistical significance of predictors is indicated by grey shaded background ( p < 0.05). [3,4] as elastin stiffened the toe region. These findings suggest that elastin is a nonlinear elastic load-bearing component in the toe region.…”

Section: Structure-function Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elastin is thought to be an elastic fibre that restores tissue to original shape after loading [2]. Elastin also stiffens the toe-region response (higher strain-dependent modulus in the toe region) [3,4], controls shear and transverse responses [5,6] and may increase the elastic modulus in the linear region [4,7]. Proteoglycans have been suggested to attract water [8][9][10], affect collagen fibril separation and sliding [11,12] and influence the elastic modulus, yield and ultimate strengths [4,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our earlier study, we showed that a fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic material model is capable of capturing the two-relaxation-time behaviour and increased relaxation magnitude with increasing strain in bovine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) [34]. Moreover, we measured the water, hydroxyproline, elastin and uronic acid contents of knee ligaments and PT, and found that the medial collateral ligament (MCL) had the highest hydroxyproline content, cruciate ligaments had the highest uronic acid content whereas the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) had the highest elastin content (see electronic supplementary material) [4]. Furthermore, collagen crimp angle and crimp length in ligaments and tendons may be effectively visualized and analysed using polarized light microscopy (PLM) [16,[35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this study was to (1) characterize and compare the mechanical properties of knee joint ligaments and PT at the toe region using a fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic material model and to (2) relate the model parameters to biochemical composition, measured in our earlier study [4], and crimp characteristics. We hypothesize that there is a difference between lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and other ligaments in the damping component of fast relaxation, as LCL has been shown to have a higher phase difference at 0.5 Hz sinusoidal loading than other ligaments [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure, composition and fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic properties of bovine knee ligaments and patellar tendon

Ristaniemi

Regmi

Mondal

et al. 2021

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Tissue-level stress-relaxation of ligaments and tendons in the toe region is characterized by fast and long-term relaxations and an increase in relaxation magnitude with strain. Characterizing the compositional and structural origins of these phenomena helps in the understanding of mechanisms of ligament and tendon function and adaptation in health and disease. A three-step tensile stress-relaxation test was conducted on dumbbell-shaped pieces of bovine knee ligaments and patellar tendon (PT) ( n = 10 knees). Their mechanical behaviour was characterized by a fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic material model, able to describe characteristic times and magnitudes of fast and long-term relaxations. The crimp angle and length of tissues were measured with polarized light microscopy, while biochemical contents were determined by colorimetric biochemical methods. The long-term relaxation time was longer in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and PT compared with collateral ligaments ( p < 0.05). High hydroxyproline content predicted greater magnitude and shorter time of both fast and long-term relaxation. High uronic acid content predicted longer time of long-term relaxation, whereas high crimp angle predicted higher magnitude of long-term relaxation. ACL and PT are better long-term stabilizers than collateral ligaments. The long-term relaxation behaviour is affected or implied by proteoglycans and crimp angle, possibly relating to slow structural reorganization of the tissue.

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Section: Structure-function Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Structure, composition and fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic properties of bovine knee ligaments and patellar tendon

Ristaniemi

Regmi

Mondal

et al. 2021

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…Recent studies have shown that, while the IFM is composed of a variety of collagens, predominantly types I and III, it is also rich in proteoglycans, particularly lubricin, and is a highly cellular region of the tendon [7] , [8] . Studies on a range of murine, equine, human and bovine tissues have indicated that elastin makes up only 2–5% of the dry weight of tendon [9] , [12] , [13] , [14] . However, studies in large animal or human tendons have consistently shown that it is predominantly localised to the IFM (~90%), with light microscopy imaging suggesting elastic fibres may bridge adjacent fascicles [8] , [9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastase treatment of tendon specifically impacts the mechanical properties of the interfascicular matrix

et al. 2021

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The tendon interfascicular matrix (IFM) binds tendon fascicles together. As a result of its low stiffness behaviour under small loads, it enables non-uniform loading and increased overall extensibility of tendon by facilitating fascicle sliding. This function is particularly important in energy storing tendons, with previous studies demonstrating enhanced extensibility, recovery and fatigue resistance in the IFM of energy storing compared to positional tendons. However, the compositional specialisations within the IFM that confer this behaviour remain to be elucidated. It is well established that the IFM is rich in elastin, therefore we sought to test the hypothesis that elastin depletion (following elastase treatment) will significantly impact IFM, but not fascicle, mechanical properties, reducing IFM resilience in all samples, but to a greater extent in younger tendons, which have a higher elastin content. Using a combination of quasi-static and fatigue testing, and optical imaging, we confirmed our hypothesis, demonstrating that elastin depletion resulted in significant decreases in IFM viscoelasticity, fatigue resistance and recoverability compared to untreated samples, with no significant changes to fascicle mechanics. Ageing had little effect on fascicle or IFM response to elastase treatment. This study offers a first insight into the functional importance of elastin in regional specific tendon mechanics. It highlights the important contribution of elastin to IFM mechanical properties, demonstrating that maintenance of a functional elastin network within the IFM is essential to maintain IFM and thus tendon integrity. Statement of significance Developing effective treatments or preventative measures for musculoskeletal tissue injuries necessitates the understanding of healthy tissue function and mechanics. By establishing the contribution of specific proteins to tissue mechanical behaviour, key targets for therapeutics can be identified. Tendon injury is increasingly prevalent and c hronically debilitating, with no effective treatments available. Here, we investigate how elastin modulates tendon mechanical behaviour, using enzymatic digestion combined with local mechanical characterisation, and demonstrate for the first time that removing elastin from tendon affects the mechanical properties of the interfascicular matrix specifically, resulting in decreased recoverability and fatigue resistance. These findings provide a new level of insight into tendon hierarchical mechanics, important for directing development of novel therapeutics for tendon injury.

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Advances in Bioadhesive Hydrogels for Musculoskeletal Tissue Application

Zhang,

Chien,

Fan

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for weight‐bearing, movement, and organ protection, faces many disorders arising from injuries, diseases, and trauma that affect millions of people worldwide, resulting in a decreased quality of life and socioeconomic burden. Tissue engineering is at the forefront of current research on tissue regeneration and demonstrates great potential for musculoskeletal tissue repair. Among the numerous grafts available, adhesive hydrogels have demonstrated potential for tissue applications. Despite the surge in the development of bioadhesive hydrogel formulations in recent years, the absence of an evaluation protocol for their formulation has led to the emergence of numerous similar products that do not fully meet the clinical requirements for applicability in musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. This review aims to address this gap by first discussing the design considerations for an ideal bioadhesive hydrogel relevant to successful musculoskeletal tissue repair. By thoroughly reviewing recent research advances in bioadhesive hydrogels, with a particular focus on their applications in facilitating musculoskeletal tissue repair, improvements are proposed in the current evaluation criteria for the development of novel bioadhesive hydrogels for musculoskeletal tissue applications, and several key challenges and research directions for their implementation are summarized.

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Comparison of water, hydroxyproline, uronic acid and elastin contents of bovine knee ligaments and patellar tendon and their relationships with biomechanical properties

Cited by 17 publications

References 68 publications

Structure, composition and fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic properties of bovine knee ligaments and patellar tendon

Structure, composition and fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic properties of bovine knee ligaments and patellar tendon

Elastase treatment of tendon specifically impacts the mechanical properties of the interfascicular matrix

Advances in Bioadhesive Hydrogels for Musculoskeletal Tissue Application

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