Comparison Study of the Effects of Cationic Liposomes on Delivery across 3D Skin Tissue and Whitening Effects in Pigmented 3D Skin

Abstract

Charged phospholipids are employed to formulate liposomes with different surface charges to enhance the permeation of active ingredients through epidermal layers. Although 3D skin tissue is widely employed as an alternative to permeation studies using animal skin, only a small number of studies have compared the difference between these skin models. Liposomal delivery strategies are investigated herein, through 3D skin tissue based on their surface charges. Cationic, anionic, and neutral liposomes are formulated and their size, zeta‐potential, and morphology are characterized using dynamic light scattering and cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM). A Franz diffusion cell is employed to determine the delivery efficiency of various liposomes, where all liposomes do not exhibit any recognizable difference of permeation through the synthetic membrane. When the fluorescence liposomes are applied to 3D skin, considerable fluorescence intensity is observed at the stratum cornea and epithelium layers. Compared to other liposomes, cationic liposomes exhibit the highest fluorescence intensity, suggesting the enhanced permeation of liposomes through the 3D skin layers. Finally, the ability of niacinamide (NA)‐incorporated liposomes to suppress melanin transfer in pigmented 3D skin is examined, where cationic liposomes exhibit the highest degree of whitening effects.

Protection of Skin Fibroblasts from Infrared-A-Induced Photo-Damage Using Ginsenoside Rg3(S)-Incorporated Soybean Lecithin Liposomes

“…In previous studies, formulations of drugs and bioactive molecules within both cationic and anionic liposomes have shown greatly enhanced skin penetration by several times compared to naked molecules via different mechanisms [ 22 , 23 ]. In particular, anionic liposomes below 150 nm penetrated through skin tissues easily and delivered their cargos into deep skin layers [ 13 , 24 , 25 ]. In this study, we successfully prepared anionic SL liposomes with sizes below 200 nm, which might allow for the preferred skin penetration and delivery of Rg3(S).…”

“…In particular, a natural combination of phospholipids, such as soybean lecithin (SL), which mainly comprises phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine, has been widely investigated for lipid-based formulations owing to its eco-friendly processes, availability for large-scale production, and relatively low cost [ 11 , 12 ]. Several SL-based formulations have been clinically approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for transdermal delivery of bioactive molecules [ 12 , 13 ]. Accordingly, SL-based liposomes have received attention in the cosmetics industry as practical carriers for the transdermal delivery of active molecules for anti-aging of skin.…”

Clinical evaluation of the brightening effect of chitosan‐based cationic liposomes

“…We previously observed that cationic liposomes significantly enhanced the percutaneous delivery of niacinamide when they were tested in a 3-D skin system, rather than in a diffusion cell system employing a synthetic membrane. 7 Unlike synthetic skin, 3-D skin possesses pivotal components that can electrostatically interact with cationic liposomes; in particular, keratin in the stratum corneum layers appears to interact with the cationic liposomes to enhance the percutaneous transport of the cationic liposomes as well as niacinamide through the outermost layers of the skin. Therefore, the observed improvements in the clinical indices for the appearance of the skin of the participants can be attributed to the cationic liposomes promoting enhanced percutaneous delivery of niacinamide to the targeted skin cells.…”

Lipid-based colloidal nanoparticles for applications in targeted vaccine delivery

“…5c). 84,92 Cationic lipids are preferred in liposome formulations for the delivery of nucleic acids. The positive charge on the surface develops electrostatic interaction with negatively charged nucleic acids, improving the encapsulation efficiency (Fig.…”