“…8 shows typical zero-voltage switching (ZVS) boundaries of a dual-active bridge converter as a function of the voltage ratio and the output power, where U in is the input voltage, U out the output voltage, r tr the transformer turns ratio, P rat,max the maximum rated power and I rms the RMS current in the transformer. The boundaries are determined by the design of the converter, i.e., the leakage inductance and the switching frequency, and are strongly influenced by the dead time, the magnetizing current and the output capacitance of the semiconductors [22], [27], [30]. Obviously, the dual-active bridge converter suffers from large hard-switching areas at unequal voltage ratios diminishing the efficiency of the converter.…”