Competition and succession in pastures - some concepts and questions.

Tow, P. G.; Lazenby, Alec

doi:10.1079/9780851994413.0001

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…C4 photosynthesis, for example, is only found in 3% of all terrestrial plant species and is most common in graminoids (Sage et al, 1999;Sage, 2004). Although legumes have historically been an important crop species in global agriculture production, due to their fast growth and ability to replenish soil nitrogen, outside of human use, they do not dominate most natural ecosystems (Cohn et al, 1989;Tow and Lazenby, 2001). Several urban studies have also found that the proportion of introduced plant species increases compared to natives along an urbanization gradient (Pyšek, 1993;Kowarik, 1995;Aronson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Functional Response Patterns Differ According To Functional mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Trait Comparison of an Urban Plant Species Pool Reveals the Importance of Intraspecific Trait Variation and Its Influence on Distinct Functional Responses to Soil Quality

Borowy

Swan

2020

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Section: Functional Response Patterns Differ According To Functional mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Trait Comparison of an Urban Plant Species Pool Reveals the Importance of Intraspecific Trait Variation and Its Influence on Distinct Functional Responses to Soil Quality

Borowy

Swan

2020

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…There has been limited research into the impact of annual variability in WC proportion on annual and long-term pasture productivity (Ledgard et al 2001). Persistence of pastures is strongly linked to how growth units respond to the frequency, severity and timing of defoliation (Harris 1973) with management techniques in mixed swards playing an important role in maintenance of sward WC proportion (Tow & Lazenby 2001). In the current experiment, a longer grazing interval throughout the entire grazing season coupled with reduced N fertilizer usage resulted in significant WC proportions in the swards of >0·50 during peak times (mid-season) for the first 2 years of experimentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and white clover impacts on the management of perennial ryegrass–clover swards for grazing cattle

McDonagh

Gilliland²,

McEvoy

et al. 2017

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYPerennial ryegrass and white clover (WC) have been shown to form compatible mixtures for pasture production under temperate climates. The inclusion of WC has the potential to enhance the performance of grass swards, but the extent of the improvement under contrasting grazing management strategies is unclear. Grazing rotation and fertilizer nitrogen (N) use have been identified as two major factors that can influence the performance of grass–clover swards. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of differing grazing rotation lengths and the level of N application on the dry matter (DM) yield performance of grass–clover and grass-only swards as well as on WC productivity and persistency under animal grazing. Swards were managed by N application and grazing rotation length: High-N swards were managed on a 21-day grazing rotation (Man 1) and low-N swards were managed on a 30-day grazing rotation (Man 2). The four treatments were: 250 kg N/ha without WC (HN−C), 250 kg N/ha with WC (HN+C), 100 kg N/ha N without WC (LN−C) and 100 kg N/ha with WC (LN+C). There was a significant management × WC interaction over the 3 years for annual DM yield. The LN−C swards produced lower DM yield (−1917 kg DM/ha) than the swards of the other three treatments (11 167 kg DM/ha). Management had a significant effect on annual DM yield with Man 1 swards yielding 801 kg DM/ha more than Man 2 swards (10 288 kg DM/ha). The inclusion of WC yielded significantly more annual DM yield (+1009 kg DM/ha) than grass-only swards. Notably, LN+C produced the same annual total DM yield as swards under High N and a 21-day grazing rotation. Total WC DM yield and proportion across the year was altered significantly by management. Higher N fertilized swards at shorter grazing intervals had a lower WC DM yield (−1544 kg DM/ha) and proportion (−0·13). Dry matter yield of WC with low N application can be similar to that at high N levels if rotation length is used as a mechanism to determine grazing timing. Variations in WC productivity into the final year of the experiment indicate that persistence of significant contributions to DM yield by WC under low N at longer grazing intervals remains unclear after 3 years.

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“…Tanto B. valdivianus como L. perenne dominan en sitios de alta fertilidad y por lo general se encuentran compitiendo entre ellas por nichos ecológicos (Balocchi y López, 2001;. De este modo, el crecimiento de éstas especies está limitado por la competencia que ejercen sobre ellas, respecto de la tasa de captura de nutrientes, del uso del espacio y el grado de accesibilidad a la luz (Tilman y Downing, 1994;Tow, 2001). En el caso de HA y A. capillaris, éstas disminuyeron su contribución en las praderas fertilizadas.…”

Section: Composición Botánica Según Tipo De Pradera Fertilización Y unclassified

Dinámica vegetacional de praderas sembradas con especies nativas y naturalizadas con y sin aplicación de fertilizante

Ramírez

Keim

López

et al. 2014

agrosur

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A 6 year study was carried out at Santa Rosa research station, of the University Austral of Chile to determine the effect of type of pasture and fertilizer application on changes in the botanical composition and pasture and species production. The evaluated pastures were: multi-species (PP), sown with Agrostis capillaris L., Arrhenatherum elatius ssp. bulbosus (Willd.) Schübler & Martens, Bromus valdivianus Phil., Holcus lanatus L. y Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr; pasture sown with genetically improved species (PM) (Lolium perenne L. cv. Yatsyn y Trifolium repens L. cv. Huia); and a mixed pasture (PM+B) sown with Lolium perenne cv. Yatsyn, Trifolium repens cv. Huia and Bromus valdivianus. The experimental design comprised a complete randomized blocks design (3 blocks), with factorial arrangement of the treatments (3 types of pasture x 2 levels of fertilization) and the effect of year of evaluation as a repeated measure. Analysis of variance was performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The adjusted-Tukey with the PDIFF command was performed for the mean comparison. The multi-species pasture showed similar herbage mass accumulation to pastures sown with genetically improved species, across the six years of evaluation, indicating that there was not a specific pasture with a higher persistency. Fertilization increased herbage mass accumulation regardless the type of pasture. B. valdivianus and L. perenne increased their herbage mass accumulation and contribution with fertilizer application. However, B. valdivianus production was more stable over time, whereas the contribution of L. perenne tended to decline. Agrostis capillaris increased its contribution in non-fertilized pastures. RESUMENDurante seis años se evaluó la dinámica vegetacional de praderas sembradas con especies nativas y naturalizadas sometidas a dos niveles de fertilización y su efecto en la producción de materia seca anual. Las praderas fueron: pradera polifítica sembrada con Agrostis capillaris L., Arrhenatherum elatius ssp. bulbosus (Willd.) Schübler & Martens, Bromus valdivianus Phil., Holcus lanatus L. y Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr (PP); pradera sembrada con con Lolium perenne L. cv. Yatsyn y Trifolium repens L. cv. Huia (PM); y pradera sembradacon Lolium perenne cv. Yatsyn, Trifolium repens cv. Huia y Bromus valdivianus (PM+B). El estudio se ajustó a un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar (3 bloques), con arreglo factorial de los tratamientos (3 tipos de pradera x 2 niveles de fertilización), considerando el año de evaluación como medida repetida en el tiempo. Se realizó análisis de varianza y comparación de medias con el test de Tukey sobre las medias ajustadas. Praderas sembradas con especies nativas y naturalizadas (PP y PM+B) no difieren en producción de MS con praderas sembradas sólo con especies mejoradas (PM), sin presentar una mayor estabilidad en la producción de MS a lo largo del tiempo. Los tres tipos de pradera fertilizadas aumentaron sus rendimientos respecto a praderas sin fertilización. Tanto B. valdivianus como L. perenne ...

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Competition and succession in pastures - some concepts and questions.

Abstract: This chapter discusses some definitions, concepts and questions frequently encountered in studying competition and succession in pastures. The quantification of competition effects is described.

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

A Multi-Trait Comparison of an Urban Plant Species Pool Reveals the Importance of Intraspecific Trait Variation and Its Influence on Distinct Functional Responses to Soil Quality

A Multi-Trait Comparison of an Urban Plant Species Pool Reveals the Importance of Intraspecific Trait Variation and Its Influence on Distinct Functional Responses to Soil Quality

Nitrogen and white clover impacts on the management of perennial ryegrass–clover swards for grazing cattle

Dinámica vegetacional de praderas sembradas con especies nativas y naturalizadas con y sin aplicación de fertilizante

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