Competition between Glyceria Maxima and Phragmites Communis in the Region of Surlingham Broad: I. The Competition Mechanism

Buttery, B. R.; Lambert, J. M.

doi:10.2307/2257575

Cited by 87 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…The dramatic spread of Phragmites into the lower marshes has caused some major ecological and economical problems in North America. Phragmites is therefore considered a weedy invader because it outcompetes other plant species, lowers plant and bird species richness, causes accumulation of sediments, alters patterns of water flow, and reduces habitat heterogeneity (Buttery and Lambert 1965;Benoit and Askins 1999;Weinstein and Balletto 1999;Meyerson et al 2000). Spartina, native to the East and Gulf coasts of North America, has become a highly invasive weed in some Pacific coastal marshes across the world including those in the Yangtze River estuary in eastern China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of growing conditions on the growth of and interactions between salt marsh plants: implications for invasibility of habitats

et al. 2006

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A common but often less tested explanation for the successful invasion of alien species is that invasive alien species outcompete their co-occurring natives, which may not always be the case. In this study, we established artificial environmental gradients in a series of pot experiments with controlled environments to investigate the effects of salinity, sediment type and waterlogging on the performance of and interactions between Phragmites australis (native) and Spartina alterniflora (alien), which generally co-exist in the saline intertidal zones of Chinese and American coasts. Significant effects of salinity and waterlogging were detected on biomass production and morphological characteristics of S. alterniflora and P. australis, and the competitive interactions between the two species were found to vary with all three environmental factors in our experiments. Relative Neighbor Effect (RNE) analyses indicate that competitive dominance of S. alterniflora occurred under the conditions of high salinity, sandy sediment and full immersion, whereas P. australis showed competitive dominance under the conditions of low salinity and non-immersion. Our results suggest that S. alterniflora might outcompete P. australis under conditions present in early salt marsh succession, which support the viewpoint that the outcomes of competition between co-occurring native and invasive alien plants depend on the growing conditions. The implication of this study is that in response to the environmental changes expected from seawater intrusion and sea-level rise, the range of S. alterniflora is expected to expand further in the Yangtze River estuary in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of growing conditions on the growth of and interactions between salt marsh plants: implications for invasibility of habitats

et al. 2006

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“…Thus, rapid production of dense swards in early spring may suppress growth of reeds. However, this pattern was not observed in the studied littoral zone which may suggest that Phragmites was either more tolerant to habitat conditions unfavorable to both species (Buttery & Lambert, 1965) or that the reduction of water levels caused changes of nutrient availability in the soil . The second hypothesis is supported by the results of nutrient concentrations in tissues of Glyceria indicating that modifications in nutrient availability in the littoral zone occurred due to the reduction of water level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…However, the decrease of common reed productivity at the seasonally drier site may have occurred not only directly due to water level changes but also indirectly via the competition for light which may limit photosynthetic capacity. Drier sites become more available for seed dispersal and germination and that may promote growth of different terrestrial species (Buttery & Lambert, 1965;Coops & Velde, 1995). At the site located closer to the shoreline, most of the studied patches were covered by Calystegia sepium the density of whose leaves effectively limited the growth of reed and the development of other species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Buttery & Lambert (1965) stressed that differences between these two species in their habits and seasonal patterns of growth seem to be partly independent of competition effects but, on the other hand, due to its morphological adaptation Glyceria can benefit from the competition with Phragmites. Glyceria starts to grow early in the year and creates shallow rhizomes which produce a series of new shoots throughout the growing season, while Phragmites starts its growth in late spring and produces rhizomes persistent and deepseated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of emergent macrophytes to hydrological changes in a shallow lake, with special reference to nutrient cycling

et al. 2010

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The effect of water level reduction on nutrient concentrations and productivity of emergent macrophytes was analyzed in a shallow, polymictic lake, located in Central-Western Poland. The water level was regulated for irrigation purposes from 1974 to 2002, with an average amplitude of 0.85 m. In 2002, the water level was reduced by 0.60 m during winter time and by 0.40 m in summer time. Nutrient concentrations, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium standing stocks and aboveground biomass production were compared among four vegetation types along with a moisture gradient in the littoral zone. This study was conducted in the littoral zone of Lake Niepruszewskie during the growing seasons in 1999-2001 (1st period with high water level) and [2005][2006][2007][2008] (2nd period with low water level). The reduction of water level resulted in a negative effect on biomass production and nutrient concentrations. Stoichiometric indexes, like N:P and N:K ratios, indicate that the shift in nutrient limitation due to changes in hydrological conditions caused a reduction of the nutrient uptake by vegetation and affected productivity. The decrease in the aboveground biomass production was more marked at sites that were less affected by drainage, i.e., permanently flooded. However, in drawdown areas, plant growth decreased. Species including Phragmites australis and Carex acutiformis coped better with the reduction of water levels than Typha angustifolia and Glyceria maxima.

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“…For reed seedlings, which are very susceptible to shading and competition (Haslam, 1971b(Haslam, , 1970, hummocks often play a role of providing an open space free from shading or intensive competition. The established reed community can prevent the invasion of other plants through shading and litter accumulation (Haslam, 1969a(Haslam, , 1970(Haslam, , 1971bButtery and Lambert, 1965;Kamuro, 1960), or by below-ground control. Floristic compositions within reed communities are thus regulated by habitat conditions and the performance of reed plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizome development of Phragmites australis in a reed community

Kudo

Itō

1988

Ecological Research

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Variations in the height, shoot density, biomasses of above-and below-ground parts and rhizome distributions of Phragrnites australis were investigated along a line-transect in a reed community at Yufutsu Mire, Hokkaido. Relationships of performance of the reed plants to soil conditions and species compositions were also examined.Three types of rhizome development were recognized in reed plants; (1) the central part of the reed community, characterized by well developed rhizomes and dense aerial shoots, (2) the intermediate part, characterized by development of rhizomes along both the peat and surface layers and very dense aerial shoots, and (3) the marginal part, characterized by development of rhizomes only along the peat layer and sparse aerial shoots.Observation showed that rhizomes in the surface layer actively produced aerial shoots, whereas rhizomes in the peat layer contributed to the spreading of their distribution range. With the growth of rhizomes, organic debris originating from dead rhizomes and roots accumulated in the mineral soil to promote organic soil formation. In dense parts of the reed stand, species composition was poor because of the shading and litter accumulation by reed plants. The effects of microtopography and water level on the establishment of reed seedlings were also considered.Key words: Aerial shoot; Horizontal rhizome; Muck; Peat; Phragmites australis. In~oduefionThe reed (Phragmites australis ~Cav.) Trin.) is a cosmopolitan species and often becomes dominant in swamp or fen vegetation. With a large and productive rhizome system, reed plants can produce high and dense masses of aerial shoots every summer, and are self-perpetuating for long periods by vegetative propagation. Thus, the establishment of a reed community may affect the performance of the other component species through shading or litter accumulation.The rhizome system of reed plants has important functions including vegetative propagation, aeration, storage of assimilates, and expansion of the community. Yano (1981) reported that reed plants change their subterranean structure according to habitat conditions. It is thought that this variability of rhizome structure enables reed plants to grow in various types

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Competition between Glyceria Maxima and Phragmites Communis in the Region of Surlingham Broad: I. The Competition Mechanism

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of growing conditions on the growth of and interactions between salt marsh plants: implications for invasibility of habitats

Effects of growing conditions on the growth of and interactions between salt marsh plants: implications for invasibility of habitats

Response of emergent macrophytes to hydrological changes in a shallow lake, with special reference to nutrient cycling

Rhizome development of Phragmites australis in a reed community

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