Complementary feeding: Should baby be leading the way?

Langley‐Evans, Simon C.

doi:10.1111/jhn.12988

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For example, in our study the EFF prevalence in low-and lower-income countries was around 25% while in upper-middle countries was around 50%. It is known that there has been an increase in the practice of baby-led weaning (BLW) in higher income countries ( 23 ), which may explain the higher EFF prevalence and the smaller ZVF prevalence observed in upper-middle income countries ( 24 ). The BLW method is a feeding approach in which children from 6 months of age are exposed to the family meals, including solid foods such as eggs and flesh foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic inequalities in vegetables, fruits, and animal source foods consumption in children aged 6–23 months from 91 LMIC

et al. 2023

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IntroductionNo multi-country analysis described patterns and inequalities for the brand-new feeding indicators proposed by WHO/UNICEF: zero consumption of vegetables and fruits (ZVF) and consumption of eggs and/or flesh (EFF). Our aim was to describe patterns in the prevalence and social inequalities of ZVF and EFF among children aged 6–23 months in low-and middle-income countries.MethodsData from nationally representative surveys (2010–2019) in 91 low-and middle-income countries were used to investigate within-country disparities in ZVF and EFF by place of residence, wealth quintiles, child sex and child age. The slope index of inequality was used to assess socioeconomic inequalities. Analyses were also pooled by World Bank income groups.ResultsThe prevalence of ZVF was 44.8% and it was lowest in children from upper-middle income countries, from urban areas, and those 18–23 months. The slope index of inequality showed that socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of ZVF were higher among poor children in comparison to richest children (mean SII = −15.3; 95%CI: −18.5; −12.1). Overall, 42.1% of children consumed egg and/or flesh foods. Being a favorable indicator, findings for EFF were generally in the opposite direction than for ZVF. The prevalence was highest in children from upper-middle income countries, from urban areas, and those 18–23 months of age. The slope index of inequality showed pro-rich patterns in most countries (mean SII = 15.4; 95%CI: 12.2; 18.6).DiscussionOur findings demonstrate that inequalities exist in terms of household wealth, place of residence, and age of the child in the prevalence of the new complementary feeding indicators. Moreover, children from low-and lower-middle countries had the lowest consumption of fruits, vegetables, eggs, and flesh foods. Such findings provide new insights towards effective approaches to tackle the malnutrition burden through optimal feeding practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic inequalities in vegetables, fruits, and animal source foods consumption in children aged 6–23 months from 91 LMIC

et al. 2023

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“…Indeed, Langley-Evans discussed in their editorial how BLW is more popular in the United Kingdom among high-income families. 32 In addition, as BLW is child centred and allows the child to explore at their own pace, it is important to consider how parenting style is related. Parents who have different levels of responsiveness and place different demands on their children may be more likely to adopt a particular infant feeding style.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, parents with higher education and of particular ethnicities may be more exposed to BLW and in turn more likely to adopt this way of complementary feeding. Indeed, Langley‐Evans discussed in their editorial how BLW is more popular in the United Kingdom among high‐income families 32 . In addition, as BLW is child centred and allows the child to explore at their own pace, it is important to consider how parenting style is related.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To feed or let eat! A scale of independence, exploration, and family to measure baby‐led weaning as a complementary feeding approach

Studer-Perez

Musher‐Eizenman

2022

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Background This article reports the development and validation of a measure of parents' use of baby‐led weaning (BLW). BLW is a child‐centred approach to complementary feeding where the infant is allowed to eat whole foods (rather than purees) and explore a variety of foods and textures. To date, parents' use of BLW has been assessed using either single items or a wide variety of measures. Method In this study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on independent samples supported three BLW subscales: independence, exploration, and family. Results The final 13‐item scale showed adequate fit statistics and good reliability (χ2(62) = 115.02, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.06; exploration a = 0.738; family a = 0.715; independence a = 0.809). In addition, the scale demonstrated good external validity and related in theoretically expected ways to an infant feeding‐style measure and parent report of complementary feeding approach. This study was limited as it was mostly white parents, and the scale should be validated on a more diverse sample. Conclusions Future research can use this scale to examine if BLW relates to infant taste preferences, parenting styles, and child eating behaviours to improve child nutrition and health outcomes.

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“…There is a literature that considers feeding style during weaning, with some researchers advocating that a baby‐led weaning approach, rather than a parent‐led spoon‐feeding approach, reduces risk of later obesity by allowing the infant to self‐regulate intake and programme the development of satiety centres in the hypothalamus, which are not mature at birth. However, there is no significant evidence that there is a robust effect, and baby‐led weaned infants may in fact self‐select a diet that is high in sugars 151–153 …”

Section: Implications For the Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is no significant evidence that there is a robust effect, and baby-led weaned infants may in fact self-select a diet that is high in sugars. [151][152][153] To effectively meet the challenge of a transgenerational cycle of obesity and metabolic disorders, a multifaceted approach will be necessary. This needs to target: infants and children to promote healthy eating and lifestyles; adolescents to reinforce those messages before they become reproductively active; pregnant women to optimise nutrition, control weight gain and prevent GDM; and the postpartum period to promote a return to prepregnancy weight and facilitate long-term breastfeeding.…”

Section: Implications For the Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Early life programming of health and disease: The long‐term consequences of obesity in pregnancy

Langley‐Evans

2022

J Human Nutrition Diet

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The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising in all parts of the world and, among young women, it presents a very clear danger during pregnancy. Women who are overweight or who gain excessive weight during pregnancy are at greater risk of complications in pregnancy and labour, and are more likely to lose their child to stillbirth or die themselves during pregnancy. This narrative review considers the evidence that, in addition to increasing risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, obesity has the capacity to programme foetuses to be at greater risk of cardiometabolic disorders later in life. An extensive body of evidence from prospective and retrospective cohorts, as well as record linkage studies, demonstrates associations of maternal obesity and/or gestational diabetes with cardiovascular disease, as well as type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Studies in animals suggest that these associations are underpinned by adaptations that occur in foetal life, which remodel the structures of major organs, including the brain, kidney and pancreas.

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Complementary feeding: Should baby be leading the way?

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Sociodemographic inequalities in vegetables, fruits, and animal source foods consumption in children aged 6–23 months from 91 LMIC

Sociodemographic inequalities in vegetables, fruits, and animal source foods consumption in children aged 6–23 months from 91 LMIC

To feed or let eat! A scale of independence, exploration, and family to measure baby‐led weaning as a complementary feeding approach

Early life programming of health and disease: The long‐term consequences of obesity in pregnancy

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