Intelligent and automatic systems are making our daily life easier. They are able to automate tasks that, up to now, were performed by humans, freeing them from these tedious tasks. They are mainly based on the classical robotic architectures where the stages of perception-using different sensor sources or even a fusion of a set of them-and planning-where intelligent control systems are applied-play a key role. Among all of the fields in which intelligent systems can be applied, transport systems are considered one of the most promising ones since over one million fatalities-including drivers, pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists-are registered each year worldwide and they can definitively help to reduce these figures.The growth in the number of drivers in the last decades, and consequently in the number of vehicles, has made traffic accidents become a major concern in the road transportation sector. Solutions such as building new transport infrastructures-specifically in urban areas where space limitations make it almost impossible-or increasing fines for inappropriate driving have not achieved the goal of reducing the number of fatalities, either in urban environments or highways. New policies on the part of the Governments are focused on the development of a safer, more reliable and more efficient transportation supported by intelligent systems.The field of research in which all these topics fall into is well-known as intelligent transportation systems (ITS). ITS focuses on improving road safety by acting on two possible aspects: on the one hand, the infrastructure and the possibilities of optimizing traffic flow, and on the other hand, acting on the cars with the development of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and the possibilities of optimizing traffic safety. The final goal is trying to reduce the number of collisions, or at least to mitigate their consequences. In this connection, one of the currently hot topics in the road OPEN ACCESS