“…As for the cox1 initiation codon in animals, significantly different cases have been reported, for example, tetranucleotides such as TTAG in Coreana raphaelis (Kim et al, 2006), ATAA in Drosophila yakuba (Clary & Wolstenholme, 1985) are used, while hexanucleotides such as TATTAG in Ostrinia nubilalis and Ostrinia furnicalis (Coates et al, 2005), TTTTAG in Bombyx mori (Yukuhiro et al, 2002), TATCTA in Penaeus monodon (Wilson et al, 2000), ATTTAA in Anopheles gambiae (Beard et al, 1993), Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Mitchell et al, 1993), and Ceratitis capitata (Spanos et al, 2000) are used. Generally, the trinucleotide TTG was assumed to be the cox1 start codon for some invertebrate taxa including insect species, such as Pyrocoelia rufa (Bae et al, 2004), Caligula boisdnvalii (Hong et al, 2008), and Acraea issoria . In this study, however, according to sequence homologies with other available relevant insect species, the codon CGA was hypothesized to be the cox1 initiator synapomorphically characteristic of most lepidopteran species (Kim et al, 2009(Kim et al, , 2010.…”