Component level strategies for exploiting the lifespan of steel in products

Cooper, Daniel R.; Skelton, Alexandra C.H.; Moynihan, Muiris C.; Allwood, Julian M.

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.11.014

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A few researchers present benchmarks or systematic methods for evaluating maximum reuse rates. For products, Cooper and colleagues () evaluate the current average life span of steel products (35 years) and present a framework in which to address product failure. Allwood and colleagues () evaluate potential increases to the life span of steel and aluminum goods across construction, transport, industrial equipment, and metal products, finding that they can often be doubled.…”

Section: Reuse Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Harvey ), repairing and upgrading various steel products (Cooper et al. ), and the remanufacture of electric motors (Nadal et al. ; Easa ), print cartridges (Hewlett Packard ), tires (Boustani et al.…”

Section: Operating a Reused Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The replaced component or subassembly may be nonphysical. For example, Cooper and colleagues () present evidence of steel rolling mills that are renovated (either in situ or as part of a relocation) by upgrading the control system. On the other hand, the components can be physical.…”

Section: Operating a Reused Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several practical case studies have been reported in the literature, including studies on retrofitting buildings (Brown et al 2014;Harvey 2013), repairing and upgrading various steel products (Cooper et al 2014), and the remanufacture of electric motors (Nadal et al 2002;Easa 2003), print cartridges (Hewlett Packard 2008), tires (Boustani et al 2010b), and wind turbines (Ortegon et al 2014). Their findings can be summarized as:…”

Section: Efficiency Of Reused Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Environmental Impacts of Reuse: A Review

Cooper

Gutowski

2015

J of Industrial Ecology

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229

164

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SummaryThe fear that human consumption is causing climate change, biodiversity loss, and mineral scarcity has recently prompted interest in reuse because of the intuitive belief that it reduces new production and waste. The environmental impacts of reuse have, however, received little attention-the benefits typically assumed rather than understood-and consequently the overall effects remain unclear. In this article, we structure the current work on the topic, reviewing the potential benefits and pitfalls described in the literature and providing a framework for future research.Many products' use-phase energy requirements are decreasing. The relative importance of the embodied impacts from initial production is therefore growing and the prominence of reuse as an abatement strategy is likely to increase in the future. Many examples are found in the literature of beneficial reuse of standardized, unpowered products and components, and repairing an item is always found to be less energy intensive than new production.

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Section: Reuse Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Operating a Reused Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Operating a Reused Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Efficiency Of Reused Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Environmental Impacts of Reuse: A Review

Cooper

Gutowski

2015

J of Industrial Ecology

Self Cite

229

164

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“…The availability of recyclable metals can be estimated with empirical survey-based methods or with model-based methods. The model-based methods are referred to as dynamic material flow models (DMFMs) and are based on both the inflow and outflow of metals as well as the lifetime of products and applications in society [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Product lifetimes can be obtained from surveys of products and applications; lifetimes can be estimated with the Volume Correlation Model (VCM), a model-based method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scrap Collection per Industry Sector and the Circulation Times of Steel in the U.S. between 1900 and 2016, Calculated Based on the Volume Correlation Model

Gauffin

Pistorius

2018

Metals

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On the basis of the Volume Correlation Model (VCM) as well as data on steel consumption and scrap collection per industry sector (construction, automotive, industrial goods, and consumer goods), it was possible to estimate service lifetimes of steel in the United States between 1900 and 2016. Input data on scrap collection per industry sector was based on a scrap survey conducted by the World Steel Association for a static year in 2014 in the United States. The lifetimes of steel calculated with the VCM method were within the range of previously reported measured lifetimes of products and applications for all industry sectors. Scrapped (and apparent) lifetimes of steel compared with measured lifetimes were calculated to be as follows: a scrapped lifetime of 29 years for the construction sector (apparent lifetime: 52 years) compared with 44 years measured in 2014. Industrial goods: 16 (27) years compared with 19 years measured in 2010. Consumer goods: 12 (14) years compared with 13 years measured in 2014. Automotive sector: 14 (19) years compared with 17 years measured in 2011. Results show that the VCM can estimate reasonable values of scrap collection and availability per industry sector over time.

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Assessment of energy‐efficient appliances: A review of the technologies and policies in India's residential sector

Singh

Henriques

Martins

2018

WIREs Energy & Environment

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The promotion of energy efficiency has been at the forefront of the energy policy agenda. New technological inventions and increasing environmental concerns related to contemporary energy policy are the main drivers of the adoption of more energy-efficient appliances in the domestic sector. Additionally, the mandatory star labeling program and incentive design mechanisms are also raising awareness and motivation for their use, thus contributing to the reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable energy policies generally pursue programs aiming for energy efficiency among domestic appliances. In India there are currently nine domestic electrical appliances/end-uses certified with star labeling programs, in particular lighting sources, refrigerators, air conditioners, water heaters, televisions, computers, washing machines, ceiling fans, and water pumps. This study reviews main issues affecting selection of energy-efficient technologies in India's domestic sector highlighting the main challenges impacting design of energy efficiency policies and programs in the country.

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Component level strategies for exploiting the lifespan of steel in products

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

The Environmental Impacts of Reuse: A Review

The Environmental Impacts of Reuse: A Review

The Scrap Collection per Industry Sector and the Circulation Times of Steel in the U.S. between 1900 and 2016, Calculated Based on the Volume Correlation Model

Assessment of energy‐efficient appliances: A review of the technologies and policies in India's residential sector

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