Comportement hydrique du frêne (Fraxinus excelsior L) dans une formation montagnarde mésoxérophile

Carlier, G.; Peltier, JP; Gielly, Ludovic

doi:10.1051/forest:19920301

Cited by 30 publications

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“…For ash species of the mountain habitats, the hydraulic conductance is, in the best conditions, three times less than in the floodplains (Carlier et al 1992). This decrease in the hydraulic conductance, which is brought about by drought conditions, may be linked to an increase in the hydraulic resistance of the soil (Reich and Hinckley 1989), to the disappearance of fine roots or even to the phenomenon of cavitation (Cochard et al 1997).…”

Section: Stomatal Regulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Success in the demographic expansion of Fraxinus excelsior L.

Marigo

Peltier

Girel

et al. 2000

Trees

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This review examines the ecological traits and ecophysiological characteristics of the common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) that help to explain the current spread of ash communities in Europe. As a consequence of anthropogenic disturbance, the common ash has experienced new environmental conditions and the frequency of the species has fluctuated over space and time. Owing to its ubiquity, over the last few decades the common ash has been greatly favoured in areas abandoned by agriculture and also along impounded rivers. F. excelsior is a mesophilic species that usually thrives on alluvial soils and can also survive the strong water deficit on hillslopes. Drought tolerance in ash trees is related to stomatal regulation, a decrease in osmotic potential and also an increase in the elastic modulus ε. Malic acid plays a central role in drought tolerance, first as one of the major solutes involved in osmotic adjustment, and second as an effector for stomatal regulation through a drought-induced increase in its xylem concentration.

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Section: Stomatal Regulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Under these circumstances, Fraxinus partially closes its stomata by 12 noon at the latest and usually a lot earlier depending on the intensity of the drought (Carlier et al 1992). Stomatal conductance then decreases gradually until the end of the day.…”

Section: Stomatal Regulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Success in the demographic expansion of Fraxinus excelsior L.

Marigo

Peltier

Girel

et al. 2000

Trees

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“…This water-deprived area has been colonized by xeric and mesoxeric species (Astragalus monspessulanus, Festuca, duriuscula, Sedum album, Plantago cynops, Helichrysum stoechas), and Fraxinus excelsior is found in this area in association with Acer opalus, instead of Acer pseudoplatanus. Some other hydraulic characteristic measurements were also carried out on trees growing in a mesoxerophilic mountain stand (site 3) in the intermediate zone of the Northwestern Alps (45°4' 34'' N, 6°3' 21'' E, elevation 1350 m).Vegetation, soil and climate at this station have been described in detail by Carlier et al [3] and Peltier et al [13]. Compared to the alluvial floodplains, the size of Fraxinus excelsior and Acer opalus trees present on the dry sites is smaller (4-6 m tall).…”

Section: Site and Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies of the water relations and the hydraulic characteristics in Fraxinus excelsior, Acer pseudoplatanus and A. opalus trees under soil water contrasted conditions

Lemoine¹,

Peltier

Marigo

2001

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Plant water relationships and hydraulic characteristics were measured for two species of the genus Acer that co-occur with Fraxinus excelsior, but differ in their habitat preference with respect to soil moisture: Acer pseudoplatanus is restricted to wet habitats, whereas Acer opalus occurs on drier sites. The data obtained showed significantly lower hydraulic conductance and lower vulnerability to embolism in the drought-tolerant species, Acer opalus, than in the water prefering species Acer pseudoplatanus. Similar differences in hydraulic conductance and xylem vulnerability to embolism were also found under dry acclimated conditions for Fraxinus excelsior trees, indicating that the hydraulic differences observed might be attributable to the contrasting soil water conditions of the sites. The possible physiological and ecological significance of such differences are discussed, in relation to habitat preference and the distribution of each species.hydraulic conductance / xylem embolism / drought tolerance / Acer pseudoplatanus / Acer opalus / Fraxinus excelsior Résumé -Étude comparée des relations hydriques et des caractéristiques hydrauliques chez Fraxinus excelsior, Acer pseudoplatanus et Acer opalus dans différents milieux secs et humides. Ce travail concerne l'étude des relations hydriques et la détermination des caractéristiques hydrauliques chez deux espèces du genre Acer, présentes fréquemment dans les espaces naturels en compagnie de Fraxinus excelsior, mais différant dans leur mode de distribution en fonction de la disponilité de l'eau du sol : Acer pseudoplatanus se rencontre sur des sols bien alimentés en eau, Acer opalus a une préférence marquée pour les milieux secs. Les résultats obtenus montrent, chez Acer opalus, l'espèce tolérante à la sécheresse, que la conductance hydraulique et la vulnérabilité à la cavitation sont moins fortes que chez Acer pseudoplatanus, l'espèce des zones humides. Des modifications identiques de la conductance hydraulique et de la vulné-rabilité à la cavitation s'observent également chez Fraxinus excelsior pour l'espèce acclimatée aux milieux secs, ce qui semble indiquer que ces changements des caractéristiques hydrauliques pourraient être associés aux conditions hydriques des milieux. Ces résultats sont analysés au plan physiologique et écologique en relation avec le mode de distribution de ces espèces dans leur environnement respectif.conductance hydraulique / embolie du xylème / tolérance à la sécheresse / Acer pseudoplatanus / Acer opalus / Fraxinus excelsior Ann. For. Sci. 58 (2001) [723][724][725][726][727][728][729][730][731] 723

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“…Like fir, the ash tree appreciates good water availability but frequently tolerates mesoxerophil conditions. Because of stomatal adjustment (Carlier et al, 1992), this species can maintain transpiration until a -5 MPa predawn leaf water potential, whereas fir reaches the same level of transpiration when ψ p is about-1 MPa. In the same way, Lp is strongly reduced when a slight decrease of ψ p occurs but recovers a high level just after a rainy spell irrespective of ψ p , like stomatal conductance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water relations of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill) in 2 natural stands in the French Alps subject to contrasting climatic conditions

Guicherd

1994

Ann. For. Sci.

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Summary — This paper reports on the diurnal and seasonal variations in water potential, stomatal conductance, and transpiration of twigs from silver fir in a mesohygrophilic stand of the external French Alps, and in a mesoxerophilic stand in the inner French Alps where this fir grows near its ecological limits. In both stands, predawn needle water potential was always 0.2-0.4 MPa below the potential of the driest soil layer. In the first one, it was maintained at about -0.4 MPa. Maximum stomatal conductance and maximum transpiration, which could reach 200 mmol/m 2 /s and 1 mmol/m 2 /s, respectively, occurred at the same time which corresponded to minimum leaf water potential. In the dry stand, predawn needle water potential never dropped below -1.14 MPa, yet a general browning of older needles was already observed. The decrease of predawn needle water potential was accompanied by the decrease of maximum stomatal conductance and transpiration to 15% of their highest value, which reached 150 mmol/m 2 /s and 1 mmol/m 2 /s, respectively, at this stand. Maximum stomatal conductance occurred in general before UT 07.00, and maximum transpiration 5-6 h later, irrespective of predawn needle water potential. Furthermore, in both stands, stomata closed at vapor pressure deficit value as low as 0.3 kPa. This extremely early reaction to water stress exhibited by European silver fir is consistent with its well-known sensitivity to atmospheric humidity and soil water availability. It indicates a strong avoidance strategy, which we have hitherto attributed only to species better adapted to drought.

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Comportement hydrique du frêne (Fraxinus excelsior L) dans une formation montagnarde mésoxérophile

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Success in the demographic expansion of Fraxinus excelsior L.

Success in the demographic expansion of Fraxinus excelsior L.

Comparative studies of the water relations and the hydraulic characteristics in Fraxinus excelsior, Acer pseudoplatanus and A. opalus trees under soil water contrasted conditions

Water relations of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill) in 2 natural stands in the French Alps subject to contrasting climatic conditions

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