Composição taxonômica e distribuição de anuros no Alto e Médio Paranapanema, estado de São Paulo

Abstract

Abstract:The anurans of São Paulo state are the best known in Brazil. However, there are still considerable gaps in the sampling of anurans in the state, especially within the natural vegetation remnants of the Paranapanema River watersheds. The purpose of this study was to collect information on the taxonomic composition, distribution, and conservation status of anurans in the Upper and Middle Paranapanema, thus helping to identify the municipalities poorly known for this taxon in these regions. Of the 91 municipalities analyzed, only 15 (16%) could be classified as relatively well sampled, having been studied for long periods by various researchers. We recorded 124 anuran species belonging to 36 genera and 12 families (Brachycephalidae, Bufonidae, Centrolenidae, Ceratophryidae, Craugastoridae, Cycloramphidae, Odontophrynidae, Hemiphractidae, Hylidae, Hylodidae, Leptodactylidae, and Microhylidae). The species richness of the anurans found in the Upper Paranapanema was far greater than that in the Middle Paranapanema. The species richness gradually decreases from the southern and southeastern portion of the Upper Paranapanema, where ombrophilous forest predominate, towards the Middle Paranapanema, where Cerrado formations and seasonal semideciduous forest are dominant. The findings of this study are important to expanding our knowledge on anuran diversity in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, which are two priority global hotspots for biodiversity conservation in Brazil. Resumo: A fauna de anuros do estado de São Paulo pode ser considerada a mais conhecida no país. No entanto, ainda existem consideráveis lacunas amostrais no estado, sobretudo em remanescentes de vegetação natural das bacias hidrográficas do rio Paranapanema. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi reunir informações sobre a composição taxonômica, distribuição e o status de conservação dos anuros no Alto e Médio Paranapanema, auxiliando na identificação dos municípios que ainda permanecem como vazios amostrais deste táxon nestas bacias hidrográficas. Dos 91 municípios avaliados, apenas 15 (16%) podem ser classificados como relativamente bem amostrados, tendo sido estudados por longos períodos e vários pesquisadores. Registrou-se um total de 124 espécies de anuros, pertencentes a 36 gêneros e 12 famílias (Brachycephalidae, Bufonidae, Centrolenidae, Ceratophryidae, Craugastoridae, Cycloramphidae, Odontophrynidae, Hemiphractidae, Hylidae, Hylodidae, Leptodactylidae e Microhylidae). A riqueza de anuros registrada no Alto Paranapanema é muito superior à encontrada no Médio Paranapanema, existindo uma diminuição gradual na riqueza de espécies partindo da porção sul e sudeste do Alto Paranapanema, onde predominam a floresta ombrófila, em direção ao Médio Paranapanema que apresenta uma dominância das formações de Cerrado e floresta estacional semidecidual. Este estudo é uma importante contribuição para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a diversidade de anuros no Cerrado e Mata Atlântica, os dois hotspots mundiais prioritários para a conservação biológica exi...

Effects of agriculture and topography on tropical amphibian species and communities

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“…This creates a supercommunity of M = n + nz possible species. The value of M is not critical to estimate N as long as it is greater than the possible value of species in the region (Dorazio et al 2006); we chose M much greater than the number of potential species in the region (Forlani et al 2010, Araujo et al 2013. We assumed that N~uniform (0,M) and added an additional random variable (x i ) to our model such that z i;j $ Bernoulliðx i Á w i;j Þ where x i $ BernoulliðXÞ.…”

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