Composite material based on an ablative phenolic resin and carbon fibers

Abstract

In this study, a technological procedure for the production of a molding compound based on short carbon fibers and an ablative phenol-formaldehyde resin for high temperature application was optimized. The starting raw materials were characterized and molding compounds with different fiber/ /matrix ratios and different fiber lengths were obtained. From the different laboratory samples, molded parts were made by thermocompression. The basic mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were determined. From the obtained results, the optimal fiber/matrix ratio was determined for a production of molding compound for high temperature application. The molding process of the composite material was optimized and all the parameters for good mechanical properties and high thermal stability of the composite were obtained. Optimization of the composite molding process was performed by the application of a numerical method for a planned experiment, i.e., a full three--factorial experimental design with variance of all three parameters (fiber length, temperature and time of the press cycle) on two levels. The obtained mechanical properties (flexural strength: 247 MPa, modulus: 27.6 GPa, impact resistance: 110 (for test moldings 10 mm×10 mm) and 91 kJ/m 2 (for test moldings 15 mm×15 mm)) justified the application of this composite material in the automotive, leisure, military and other industries where high temperature resistance and high mechanical strength is required.

Elastomeric ablative nanocomposites used in hyperthermal environments

“…Ablation testing of the composite specimens was accomplished according to the ASTM E285‐08 . Experimental setup for ablation testing is displayed in Fig.…”

Recent developments in elastomeric heat shielding materials for solid rocket motor casing application for future perspective

“…Tate et al, Mirzapour et al, Srebrenkoska, and Srikanth et al prepared and evaluated the carbon‐phenolic composite, and Bahramian et al improvise it again with the addition of graphite and kaolinite. Pulci et al demonstrated the effective manufacturing of carbon‐phenolic composite for reentry space vehicles.…”

“…Different types of polymeric ablatives can be summarized in of woven rayon and carbon black filler in phenolic matrix) developed by the Cytec Engineered Materials is the most famed material for the standardization of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and other research federations. 37 Patton et al 38 Tate et al, 37 Mirzapour et al, 40 Srebrenkoska, 41 As a high-performance resin, epoxy has a popular trademark in the development of polymeric ablatives for insulator rocket motor casing.…”

Hybrid Carbon-Carbon Ablative Composites for Thermal Protection in Aerospace

“…This is due to the complete elimination of the noncarbon species and char of coalesced carbon rings formation during pyrolysis. Evolution of gas during the pyrolysis mechanism is controlled by controlling the heating rate of the composite [72]. Clarity in the physiochemical reaction in pyrolysis mechanism leads to optimization of the factor of safety during the design of the composite heat shields.…”