Composite materials with primary lead slag content: Application in gamma radiation shielding and waste encapsulation fields

Saca, Nastasia; Radu, Lidia; Fugaru, Viorel; Militaru, Gheorghe; Petre, Ionela

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.045

Cited by 51 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For example, it was found that the Cu, Pb, and Zn compounds in CS cover the silicate phases of cement clinker, hence, inhibiting the hydration [ 76 , 98 ]. Saca et al [ 99 ] replaced cement clinker with LZS and found that the hydration degree of the binder decreased when the admixture was increased from 30% to 50%. Saikia et al [ 89 ] attributed this to the presence of Pb and Zn-containing phases.…”

Section: Hydration Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saca et al [ 99 ] found that the strength of hardened paste decreased after replacing cement clinker with LZS. When the content of LZS increased from 30% to 50%, the 28 d compressive strength decreased from 39.7 MPa to 25.8 MPa, reduced by 35%; the flexural strength reduced from 7 MPa to 5.6 MPa, reduced by 20%.…”

Section: Microstructure Mechanical Properties and Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse Effects of Using Metallurgical Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Aggregate: A Review

2022

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This paper discusses a sustainable way to prepare construction materials from metallurgical slags. Steel slag, copper slag, lead-zinc slag, and electric furnace ferronickel slag are the most common metallurgical slags that could be used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and aggregates. However, they have some adverse effects that could significantly limit their applications when used in cement-based materials. The setting time is significantly delayed when steel slag is utilized as an SCM. With the addition of 30% steel slag, the initial setting time and final setting time are delayed by approximately 60% and 40%, respectively. Because the specific gravity of metallurgical slags is 10–40% higher than that of natural aggregates, metallurgical slags tend to promote segregation when utilized as aggregates. Furthermore, some metallurgical slags deteriorate the microstructure of hardened pastes, resulting in higher porosity, lower mechanical properties, and decreased durability. In terms of safety, there are issues with the soundness of steel slag, the alkali-silica reaction involving cement and electric furnace ferronickel slag, and the environmental safety concerns, due to the leaching of heavy metals from copper slag and lead-zinc slag.

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Section: Hydration Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microstructure Mechanical Properties and Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects of Using Metallurgical Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Aggregate: A Review

2022

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“…The basis of these studies is shielding concrete, manufactured using natural and artificial heavy aggregates [105,106,107]. Other additions to concrete that could improve its shielding properties, including waste materials, such as silica fume, barite powder, magnetite powder, fly ash, or granulated ferrous waste, have also been sought [108,109,110,111]. In this context, interest has grown in the various nanomaterials.…”

Section: Properties Of Cement Composites Containing Nano-fe3o4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Cement-Based Composites Modified with Magnetite Nanoparticles: A Review

Horszczaruk¹

2019

Materials

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Despite the many available studies on the evaluation of the influence of nanomaterials on the properties of cement-based composites, the effects of some nanoparticles have not yet been fully recognized. Among the unrecognized nanomaterials are magnetite nanoparticles (MN). The literature devoted to this subject is limited. This paper reviews state-of-the-art research carried out on the effect of MN on the properties of cement-based composites. Detailed descriptions of the processing, microstructures (hydration products), properties (hydration, workability, mechanical and functional properties, and durability), and probability applications of MN-engineered cementitious composites are presented. Particular attention has been paid to MN application methods to the cement composite. Finally, the risks, challenges, and future development of MN-modified cement-based composites is discussed.

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“…To design an effective shielding, a precise knowledge of the properties of shielding materials such as radiation attenuation coefficient is needed . Some studies showed that using material with high atomic number and high density (such as iron, barite, and lead) affect significantly the shielding effect against X‐rays . These materials work very well in combination with concrete, which intrinsically possesses the ability to attenuate radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Some studies showed that using material with high atomic number and high density (such as iron, barite, and lead) affect significantly the shielding effect against X-rays. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] These materials work very well in combination with concrete, which intrinsically possesses the ability to attenuate radiation. However, heavy aggregates can lead segregation and bleeding effects, with a great expenditure of energy during the vibration and compaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of bismuth oxide nanoparticles as lightweight aggregate in cement composites against X‐rays

Restuccia

Favero

Jagdale

et al. 2019

Mat Design Process Comm

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Nowadays, heavy concrete is becoming one of the most commonly used materials against X‐ray radiation (medical or nuclear). This type of concrete is enriched by heavy aggregates with high density and/or high atomic number such as magnetite or barite, which allow to obtain an appreciable shielding effect but may present problems related to high manufacturing costs. Moreover, very heavy concretes can be achieved with iron or lead shot as aggregate, but in this case, the big problem is related to the toxicity and harmful for human health. In this research work, bismuth—a cheap, nontoxic, and biocompatible element, characterized by having a high atomic number Z (Z = 83)—has been used as additive in cement mixture, with the purpose to indagate its effectiveness as shielding agent and to analyze the mechanical strength response.

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Composite materials with primary lead slag content: Application in gamma radiation shielding and waste encapsulation fields

Cited by 51 publications

References 21 publications

Adverse Effects of Using Metallurgical Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Aggregate: A Review

Adverse Effects of Using Metallurgical Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Aggregate: A Review

Properties of Cement-Based Composites Modified with Magnetite Nanoparticles: A Review

Design of bismuth oxide nanoparticles as lightweight aggregate in cement composites against X‐rays

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