Composition profile of low explosives from cases in India

The discrimination of 72 nitrate, chlorate and perchlorate salts using IR and Raman spectroscopy

“…determining both anion and cation. However, current methodologies used in forensic laboratories usually involve an aqueous extraction (in which the inorganic salts dissociate into their anions and cations) followed by either capillary electrophoresis [8][9][10][11][12][13] or ion chromatography determination [14][15][16][17][18][19]. The anions are usually determined because they provide the most relevant information about the explosive [19], i.e.…”

Characterization and Identification of Explosives and Explosive Residues Using GC-MS, an FTIR Microscope, and HPTLC

“…Analysis of the low explosives was presented in an earlier communication [3]. Preliminary investigation and identification were made using thin-layer chromatography (TLC).…”

“…Preliminary investigation and identification were made using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). A number of solvents are suggested by various researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Some of the solvent systems suggested were trichloroethylene þ acetone (4:1), toluene þ cychlohexane (7:3), toluene þ ethylacetate (9:1), and toluene, acetone, tetrahydrofuran.…”

Qualitative Detection Toward Military and Improvised Explosive Vapors by a Facile TiO2 Nanosheet-Based Chemiresistive Sensor Array

“…Different from the relative mature development of military explosive vapors detection, the detection of improvised explosives barely got any attention due to their ultra-low vapor pressure even at the typical maximum desorber temperature (Steinfeld and Wormhoudt, 1998;Mäkinen et al, 2011;Najarro et al, 2012;Peng et al, 2014). Improvised explosives are generally made of non-explosive compounds including KClO 3 , KNO 3 , KMnO 4 , S, NH 4 NO 3, and urea (Kuila et al, 2006;Peters et al, 2015), via simple reaction or just blending, and are extensively used in terrorist attacks owing to their readily availability and low cost. Some techniques have been utilized for the detection of improvised explosives, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) (Hutchinson et al, 2007;Blanco et al, 2011), ion chromatography (IC) (Dicinoski et al, 2006;Meng et al, 2008), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) (Zhao and Yinon, 2002;Flanigan et al, 2011).…”