Compositional changes in the larva to juvenile development of the scallop Crassadoma gigantea (Gray)

Whyte, J. N. C.; Bourne, N.; Ginther, Norma G.; Hodgson, C.A.

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(92)90144-y

Cited by 60 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It has been reported that in Placopecten magellanicus larvae DHA was preferentially accumulated and/or retained at the expense of EPA, thus suggesting that DHA plays an important role in sustaining larval development (Pernet et al 2005). A similar pattern was observed in the polar lipids of Pecten maximus (Marty et al 1992, Delaunay et al 1993 and Crassadoma gigantea larvae (Whyte et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Effects of algal diets and starvation on growth, survival and fatty acid composition of <i>Solen marginatus</i> (Bivalvia: Solenidae) larvae

Costa¹,

Novoa²,

Ojea³

et al. 2012

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to investigate whether it is necessary to feed Solen marginatus (Pennánt, 1777) larvae externally and the evolution of fatty acids in the neutral and polar lipids during larval development in starved larvae and larvae fed on two different microalgal diets. Larvae were subjected to three different treatments: 1. 10 equivalent cells (Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri and Chaetoceros calcitrans) plus 20 equivalent cells of Tetraselmis suecica; 2. 80 equivalent cells of I. galbana; and 3. starvation during eight days, and then individuals were re-fed on diet 1. The best results for growth were observed in larvae fed on diet 1. Starved larvae reached the best survival rate at day 8 (66%). However, three days after re-feeding all larvae died, suggesting that the "point of no return" was exceeded. In spite of the large size of S. marginatus eggs and the great amount of stored reserves, the larvae need to feed on microalgae to undergo metamorphosis. Non-methyle-interrupted dienoic fatty acids and their precursors 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9 are of great importance in starved larvae. Saturated fatty acids, especially 16:0, fuel larval development. A certain degree of bioconversion of 18:2n-6 to 20:4n-6 was observed in S. marginatus larvae.Keywords: Solen marginatus, razor clam, larvae, diets, starvation. RESUMEN: EfEctos dE las diEtas algalEs y El ayuno En El crEcimiEnto, supErvivEncia y composición dE ácidos grasos dE las larvas dE Solen marginatuS (Bivalvia: solEnidaE). -El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la necesidad de alimentación externa de las larvas de Solen marginatus (pennánt, 1777) y la evolución de los ácidos grasos en los lípidos neutros y polares durante el desarrollo larvario en ayuno y usando dos dietas microalgales. Las larvas se sometieron a tres tratamientos distintos: 1. 10 células equivalentes Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri y Chaetoceros calcitrans) más 20 cé-lulas equivalentes de Tetraselmis suecica; 2. 80 células equivalentes de I. galbana; y 3. Ayuno durante ocho días, y después los individuos se realimentaron con la dieta 1. Los mejores resultados en crecimiento se observaron en las larvas alimentadas con la dieta 1. Las larvas que ayunaron alcanzaron la mejor supervivencia en el día 8 (66%). Sin embargo, tres días después de volver a alimentarlas murieron todas, sugiriendo que el "punto de no retorno" se sobrepasó. A pesar del gran tamaño de los huevos de S. marginatus y del gran acúmulo de reservas sus larvas necesitan alimentarse externamente para llevar a cabo la metamorfosis. Los ácidos grasos dienoicos no-metilen-interrumpidos y sus precursores 16:1n-7 y 18:1n-9 son de gran importancia para las larvas en ayuno. Los ácidos grasos saturados, especialmente el 16:0, suministran energía para el desarrollo larvario. Se ha observado cierta bioconversión de 18:2n-6 en 20:4n-6 en las larvas de S. marginatus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Effects of algal diets and starvation on growth, survival and fatty acid composition of <i>Solen marginatus</i> (Bivalvia: Solenidae) larvae

Costa¹,

Novoa²,

Ojea³

et al. 2012

Sci. Mar.

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“…Indeed, in our study, the larvae fed with T-iso, with an energy content registered immediately before metamorphosis of 9.95 kJ g -1 , were able to successfully begin metamorphosis (75.66%). On the other hand, the larvae fed with C.cal which presented a value of 3.98 kJ g -1 , slightly inferior to the minimum premetamorphic suggested by Whyte et al (1992), presented considerable lower levels of metamorphosis success (42.81%). Moreover, these results support the fact that the T-iso diet is more adequate for R. decussatus larval rearing than the C.cal one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…While lipids (especially neutral lipids) were found to be the main source of energy during embryogenesis to the early D-veliger larvae, proteins are probably the most important substrate during metamorphosis. Whyte et al (1992) in their work on Crassadoma gigantea establish that the larvae best equipped to begin the process of metamorphosis present an energy content of around 6.1-6.3 kJ g -1 , while the minimum premetamorphic capacity of the larvae is between 4.5 and 5.0 kJ g -1 . Indeed, in our study, the larvae fed with T-iso, with an energy content registered immediately before metamorphosis of 9.95 kJ g -1 , were able to successfully begin metamorphosis (75.66%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical compounds’ dynamics during larval development of the carpet-shell clam Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758): effects of mono-specific diets and starvation

et al. 2010

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Successful larval growth and development of bivalves depend on energy derived from internal (endotrophic phase) and external (exotrophic phase) sources. The present paper studies survival, growth and biochemical changes in the early developmental stages (from egg to pediveliger) of the clam Ruditapes decussatus in order to characterize the nutritional requirements and the transition from the endotrophic to the exotrophic phase. Three different feeding regimes were applied: starvation and two mono-specific microalgal diets (Isochrysis aff galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans). A comparison between fed and unfed larvae highlighted the importance of egg lipid reserves, especially neutral lipids, during a brief endotrophic phase of embryonic development (first 2 days after fertilization). Egg reserves, however, may energetically contribute to the maintenance of larvae beyond the embryonic development. In fed larvae, the endotrophic phase is followed by a mixotrophic phase extending to days 5-8 after fertilization and a subsequent exotrophic phase. Metamorphosis starts around day 20. The intense embryonic activities are supported by energy derived from lipids, mainly from neutral lipids, and the metamorphic activities are supported by energy derived essentially from proteins accumulated during the planktonic phase and depend on the nutritional value of diets. The diet of I. aff galbana proves to be more adequate to R. decussatus larval rearing. The results provide useful information for the successful production of R. decussatus aquaculture.

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“…Survival through the first days of juvenile life can also depend on the amount of energy reserves remaining after metamorphosis, since feeding in some species is initially insufficient to meet the needs of the early juvenile (oysters, Whyte et al 1992). Feeding by early juveniles may be delayed or assimilation of food may be incomplete d u e to a transition in metabolism (clams, Guillou & Tartu 1994).…”

Section: Biotic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile mortality in benthic marine invertebrates

Gosselin¹,

Qian²

1997

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

664

437

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T h~r t y years ago Thorson (1966 Neth J Sea Res 3 267-293) calculated that juvenile mortallty in m a n n e bivalves could exceed 98 6 % Subsequently juvenile mortality rates have been assumed to be high and to influence the evolution of life history traits However there have been no attempts to establish whether high luvenile mortality IS common or to determine if lnterspecific trends in l u v e n~l e mortality exist To address t h~s Issue we revlewed 30 studies of age-specif~c mortality among bivalves, gastropods, barnacles ascid~ans, bryozoans and echinoderms High juvenile mortality is widespread among benthic marlne Invertebrates with 20 of the 30 s t u d~e s reporting levels of luven~l e mortal~ty > 9 0 % Mortal~ty is part~cularly h~g h during the first moments of luvenile life and can exceed 30% during the f~r s t day Pool~ng surv~vorship data from all species revealed a general trend with survivorsh~p decreasing exponentially during the first days or weeks of juvenile life until by the age of 4 mo, virtually all cohorts were reduced to < 2 0 % of their ~nitial numbers ~nortality remained low thereafter We suggest that extreme vulnerability at the onset of luvenile life is a shared t r a~t that is largely responsible for the surv~vorship trend Natural variation within this trend would be largely due to variation in intensity of mortality factors Predation and desiccation are well-documented causes of juvenile mortality, but the current lack of data on factors such as ultraviolet radiation, diseases and lnternal causes (energy depletion developmental and physiological defects) precludes a ranking of factors as select~ve pressures Methods used to quantify juvenile mortality vary cons~derably in the level of resolution they can achieve w t h i n the early luvenile perlod Studies of early juvenile mortality should ideally monitor the fate of individuals from the onset of luvenile l~f e using sampling intervals 5 1 d Mapping and imaging techniques can provide accurate results for sess~le organisms, whereas mark and recapture can be effective for motile animals w~t h l~m~t e d dispersal Early juvenile mortahty has been shown to influence population abundance and distnbution as well as community structure Juvenile mortality is also expected to be an important determinant of age at matunty, but only among species m a t u r~n g within 4 mo of postlarval l~f e since mortality remalns low after the age of 4 mo A compilation of data on age at first reproduction In 92 species revealed a b~modal grouping of species 22% of species matunng within 45 d after b e g i n n~n g luvenile life and 60% maturlng after at least 1 yr The influence of luven~le mortality on age at inaturlty will d~f f e r substantially among these 2 groups and will therefore not be equal or directly comparable among all species Given the magnitude of early juvenile mortality and the similarities in mortality patterns across diverse taxa and habitats a better understanding of early ]uvenile mortality should help researchers to understand how ...

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Compositional changes in the larva to juvenile development of the scallop Crassadoma gigantea (Gray)

Cited by 60 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of algal diets and starvation on growth, survival and fatty acid composition of <i>Solen marginatus</i> (Bivalvia: Solenidae) larvae

Effects of algal diets and starvation on growth, survival and fatty acid composition of <i>Solen marginatus</i> (Bivalvia: Solenidae) larvae

Biochemical compounds’ dynamics during larval development of the carpet-shell clam Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758): effects of mono-specific diets and starvation

Juvenile mortality in benthic marine invertebrates

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