Compositional evolution of organic matter in Boquillas Shale across a thermal gradient at the single particle level

Simulation of Thermal Maturity in Kerogen Type II Using Hydrous and Anhydrous Pyrolysis: A Case Study from the Bakken Shale, United States

“…In contrast, when subjected to AHP, the HI value of the original sample exhibited a decrease to 10.49 (mg HC/g) at a temperature of 450 °C (as shown in Table and Figure b). The Boquillas Shale OM study also documented a decline in HI values at temperatures of 300 and 330 °C during HP conditions …”

Towards a kerogen-to-graphite kinetic model by means of Raman spectroscopy

“…Hackley and Lünsdorf (2018) and Khatibi et al (2019) explored the low-maturity stages of solid bitumen, heating their samples with hydrous pyrolysis (HP) according to the method of Lewan (1983) in a temperature range between 300 and 360 • C, where the maximum temperatures were kept for 72 h and the pressure was lower than 20 MPa. The same system was used by Birdwell et al (2021), Hackley et al (2022) and Sanders et al (2022). Bonoldi et al (2016) use an open-hydrous system to maturate type I, II and III kerogen samples to temperatures up to 360 • C under a pressure of 30 MPa.…”

“…Assuming negligible differences between 514 cm − 1 and 533 cm − 1 lasers, however, in Fig. 3, samples from Hackley and Lünsdorf (2018), Sanders et al (2022), Birdwell et al (2021) and Kelemen and Fang (2001) should be considered with caution since the authors use a 488 cm − 1 , 473 cm − 1 and 632 cm − 1 lasers respectively. This implies that, taking as a reference measures made by a green laser, RBS is slightly underestimate for Hackley and Lünsdorf (2018), Sanders et al (2022) and Birdwell et al (2021) and overestimate in Kelemen and Fang (2001).…”

“…3, samples from Hackley and Lünsdorf (2018), Sanders et al (2022), Birdwell et al (2021) and Kelemen and Fang (2001) should be considered with caution since the authors use a 488 cm − 1 , 473 cm − 1 and 632 cm − 1 lasers respectively. This implies that, taking as a reference measures made by a green laser, RBS is slightly underestimate for Hackley and Lünsdorf (2018), Sanders et al (2022) and Birdwell et al (2021) and overestimate in Kelemen and Fang (2001). As well, it should be considered that many works dealt with solid bitumen, whose reflectance (BRo% in Table 2), is usually lower than Ro% at the same thermal maturity.…”

“…For these samples a slight shift toward higher values on the x-axis should be considered. The response of different macerals to heat-induced aromatization measured by Raman has been issued only by Birdwell et al (2021). Analysing AOM, solid bitumen, liptodetrinite and vitrinite from the same samples, the authors conclude that different macerals progress along similar trend but can respond to a greater or lesser degree to the same level of thermal energy.…”