Comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact of electric arc furnace steel slag on asphalt mixtures

Lizasoain-Arteaga, Esther; Lastra-González, Pedro; Indacoechea-Vega, Irune; Gerardo, Flintsch

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123121

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In addition, one potential hazard regarding the use of BOF slag is an increase in the chemical elements released into the environment because of its contact with rainwater (especially chromium and vanadium) [27]. However, when it is used as an aggregate that is encapsulated by a binder, this problem can be controlled because of the coating that bitumen provides [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Steel Slag as Aggregate for Road Construction: Experimental Testing and Environmental Impact Assessment

et al. 2021

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Blast Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag represents one of the largest waste fractions from steelmaking. Therefore, slag valorisation technologies are of high importance regarding the use of slag as a secondary resource, both in the steel sector and in other sectors, such as the construction or cement industries. The main issue regarding the use of BOF slag is its volumetric instability in the presence of water; this hampers its use in sectors and requires a stabilisation pre-treatment. These treatments are also cost-inefficient and cause other environmental issues. This paper analyses the use of untreated BOF slag from a technical and environmental point of view, suggesting it as an alternative to natural aggregates in road surface layers and asphalt pavements. A comprehensive analysis of the requirements to be met by raw materials used in asphalt mixes was performed, and a pilot test was carried out with two different mixtures: one mix with limestone as coarse aggregate and another with 15% BOF slag. Furthermore, the global warming impacts derived from each mix with different aggregates were measured by Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), and a transport sensitivity analysis was also performed. The results show how the utilization of BOF slag as coarse aggregate in road construction improves the technical performance of asphalt mixtures (Marshall Quotient 4.9 vs. 6.6). Moreover, the introduction of BOF slag into the asphalt mix as a coarse aggregate, instead of limestone, causes a carbon emissions reduction rate of more than 14%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Steel Slag as Aggregate for Road Construction: Experimental Testing and Environmental Impact Assessment

et al. 2021

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“…Obviously, recycling of steel slag in asphalt mixture was a promising scheme for conserving natural resources and reducing environmental pollution [23]. Research results verified that the mechanical performance of steel slags asphalt mixtures displayed better workability, stiffness, and resistance to moisture damage, fatigue cracking, and permanent deformation [24,25]. en, compared with traditional asphalt mixture, asphalt mixture incorporating steel slag owned better pavement performance besides environmental friendliness [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Investigation of Permanent Deformation Behavior of Steel Slag Asphalt Mixture under Indoor Simulation

Wei

Yang

Xie

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Previous studies have indicated that steel slag can be used as a substitute for natural aggregates in asphalt mixture, while little attention has been paid to systematic investigation of the influences of various external environmental factors on deformation resistance of steel slag asphalt mixture. In order to understand the service behavior of steel slag asphalt mixture, its permanent deformation under different condition was investigated based on an indoor simulation test. The chemical composition, microscopic structure, surface texture, and volume stability of steel slag were firstly characterized. The uniaxial repeated loading test and standard wheel-tracking test were applied to evaluate the effect of temperature, stress levels, and water damage on the permanent deformation of AC-16 and AC-20 steel slag asphalt mixtures. The results indicate that a higher content of alkaline oxide and high-grade texture index existing in steel slag contribute to its strong absorptivity and adhesion of asphalt. The steel slag demonstrates fine volume stability due to its lower free-CaO (f-CaO) content, autoclave chalked ratio, and immersion expansion ratio. The permanent deformation of steel slag asphalt mixtures increases rapidly under higher stress and temperatures in contrast to lower increment at lower stress and temperatures. Asphalt mixtures at higher stress and higher temperatures and water condition exhibit larger rutting deformation and inferior rutting resistance. AC-16 steel slag asphalt mixture has superior resistance to permanent deformation than AC-20 asphalt mixture. Rutting factors show different degrees of impact in a decreasing order of temperature, water damage, and stress levels. The findings have significant implications for providing a theoretical basis for reusing steel slag in pavement construction and facilitating engineering application of steel slag asphalt mixture.

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“…Steel slag, the main by-product in the steel-making industry, accounts for over 10% of crude steel production in the world [ 8 , 9 ]. However, the negative impact of steel slag on the environment, including occupation of the field, secondary pollution to water and soil and potential pollution of the heavy metal, demands the rescue and management of steel slag as soon as possible [ 10 , 11 ]. Fortunately, the properties of high abrasion resistance, tough surface characteristics, strong alkalinity and outstanding mechanical properties contribute to the application of steel slag as aggregates in asphalt concrete [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Steel Slag Filler and Its Effect on Aging Resistance of Asphalt Mastic with Various Aging Methods

Wei

et al. 2021

Materials

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Steel slag is the by-product of the steelmaking industry, the negative influences of which prompt more investigation into the recycling methods of steel slag. The purpose of this study is to characterize steel slag filler and study its feasibility of replacing limestone filler in asphalt concrete by evaluating the resistance of asphalt mastic under various aging methods. Firstly, steel slag filler, limestone filler, virgin asphalt, steel slag filler asphalt mastic and limestone filler asphalt mastic were prepared. Subsequently, particle size distribution, surface characterization and pore characterization of the fillers were evaluated. Finally, rheological property, self-healing property and chemical functional groups of the asphalt mastics with various aging methods were tested via dynamic shear rheometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results show that there are similar particle size distributions, however, different surface characterization and pore characterization in the fillers. The analysis to asphalt mastics demonstrates how the addition of steel slag filler contributes to the resistance of asphalt mastic under the environment of acid and alkaline but is harmful under UV radiation especially. In addition, the pore structure in steel slag filler should be a potential explanation for the changing resistance of the asphalt mastics. In conclusion, steel slag filler is suggested to replace limestone filler under the environment of acid and alkaline, and environmental factor should be taken into consideration when steel slag filler is applied to replace natural fillers in asphalt mastic.

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Comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact of electric arc furnace steel slag on asphalt mixtures

Cited by 46 publications

References 18 publications

Comprehensive Analysis of Steel Slag as Aggregate for Road Construction: Experimental Testing and Environmental Impact Assessment

Comprehensive Analysis of Steel Slag as Aggregate for Road Construction: Experimental Testing and Environmental Impact Assessment

Investigation of Permanent Deformation Behavior of Steel Slag Asphalt Mixture under Indoor Simulation

Characterization of Steel Slag Filler and Its Effect on Aging Resistance of Asphalt Mastic with Various Aging Methods

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