Comprehensive characterisation of atmospheric aerosols in Budapest, Hungary: physicochemical properties of inorganic species

Salma, Imre; Maenhaut, Willy; Zemplén-Papp, É.; Záray, Gyula

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00204-7

Cited by 84 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The major pollution sources include automotive road traffic, residential and commercial heating, biomass burning and biogenic emissions within the agglomeration. Long-range transport of some pollutants also plays a considerable role (Salma et al 2001(Salma et al , 2004. Diesel-powered vehicles shared 20% of the national passenger car fleet in 2009; the mean lifetime of passenger cars registered in Budapest was 9.4 yr (OKJ, 2010).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production, growth and properties of ultrafine atmospheric aerosol particles in an urban environment

Salma¹,

Borsós²,

Weidinger³

et al. 2011

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

123

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Abstract. Number concentrations of atmospheric aerosol particles were measured by a flow-switching type differential mobility particle sizer in an electrical mobility diameter range of 6-1000 nm in 30 channels near central Budapest with a time resolution of 10 min continuously from 3 November 2008 to 2 November 2009. Daily median number concentrations of particles varied from 3.8 × 10 3 to 29 × 10 3 cm −3 with a yearly median of 11.8 × 10 3 cm −3 . Contribution of ultrafine particles to the total particle number ranged from 58 to 92% with a mean ratio and standard deviation of (79 ± 6)%. Typical diurnal variation of the particle number concentration was related to the major emission patterns in cities, new particle formation, sinks of particles and meteorology. Shapes of the monthly mean number size distributions were similar to each other. Overall mean for the number median mobility diameter of the Aitken and accumulation modes were 26 and 93 nm, respectively, which are substantially smaller than for rural or background environments. The Aitken and accumulation modes contributed similarly to the total particle number concentrations at the actual measurement location. New particle formation and growth unambiguously occurred on 83 days, which represent 27% of all relevant days. Hence, new particle formation and growth are not rare phenomena in Budapest. Their frequency showed an apparent seasonal variation with a minimum of 7.3% in winter and a maximum of 44% in spring. New particle formation events were linked to increased gas-phase H 2 SO 4 concentrations. In the studied area, new particle formation is mainly affected by condensation sink and solar radiation. The formation process seems to be not sensitive to SO 2 , which was present in a yearly median concentration of 6.7 µg m −3 . This Correspondence to: I. Salma (salma@chem.elte.hu) suggests that the precursor gas was always available in excess. Formation rate of particles with a diameter of 6 nm varied between 1.65 and 12.5 cm −3 s −1 with a mean and standard deviation of (4.2 ± 2.5) cm −3 s −1 . Seasonal dependency for the formation rate could not be identified. Growth curves of nucleated particles were usually superimposed on the characteristic diurnal pattern of road traffic direct emissions. The growth rate of the nucleation mode with a median diameter of 6 nm varied from 2.0 to 13.3 nm h −1 with a mean and standard deviation of (7.7 ± 2.4) nm h −1 . There was an indicative tendency for larger growth rates in summer and for smaller values in winter. New particle formation events increased the total number concentration by a mean factor and standard deviation of 2.3 ± 1.1 relative to the concentration that occurred immediately before the event. Several indirect evidences suggest that the new particle formation events occurred at least over the whole city, and were of regional type. The results and conclusions presented are the first information of this kind for the region over one-year long time period.

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Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production, growth and properties of ultrafine atmospheric aerosol particles in an urban environment

Salma¹,

Borsós²,

Weidinger³

et al. 2011

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

123

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“…The three PM fractions were collected in different periods, nevertheless, considering the samples (57 for PM1, 139 for PM2.5 and 128 for PM10, see Table 1) representative of the average PM composition, we can note that elements typical of marine aerosol (Na, Cl) and of soil-related particulate matter (Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe) were mainly concentrated in the coarse fraction of PM10 (defined as PM with aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 10 lm). The atmospheric concentration Table 1. of crustal matter can be obtained following a standard procedure (Chan et al, 1997;Salma et al, 2001) as CM(crustal matter) = 1.16(1.90c(Al) + 2.15c(Si) + 1.41c(Ca) + 1.67c(Ti) + 2.09c(Fe)), where c(i) is the concentration of element i. We got 17%, 4% and 1% of total PM concentration, respectively in the PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 fractions.…”

Section: Elemental Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulphur, V and Ni as well as Br and Pb were concentrated in the PM2.5 and PM1 fractions. Sulphates can be calculated from S elemental concentration assuming (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 as their main chemical form in the urban environment (Chan et al, 1997;Salma et al, 2001): we got 15%, 32% and 28% of total PM concentration, respectively in the PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 fractions. Atmospheric conditions were monitored during the sampling periods, but no correlations among meteorological parameters and particulate matter composition were identified with the unique exception of a strong increase of Na and Cl concentration (up to a factor 10 in PM10) with winds coming from the South (i.e.…”

Section: Elemental Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental characterization of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in the town of Genoa (Italy)

Ariola

D’Alessandro

Lucarelli³

et al. 2006

Chemosphere

102

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The particulate matter (PM) concentration and composition, the PM10, PM2.5, PM1 fractions, were studied in the urban area of Genoa, a coastal town in the northwest of Italy. Two instruments, the continuous monitor TEOM and the sequential sampler PARTISOL, were operated almost continuously on the same site from July 2001 to September 2004. Samples collected by PARTISOL were weighted to obtain PM concentration and then analysed by PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) and by ED-XRF (energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence), obtaining concentrations for elements from Na to Pb. Some of the filters used in the TEOM microbalance were analysed by ED-XRF to calculate Pb concentration values averaged over 7-30 d periods.

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“…Other materials such as natural and synthetic rubbers, coatings and textiles can also be affected by ozone while its synergistic effects in combination with the acidifying components SO 2 and NO 2 have been reported to lead to increased corrosion on building materials like steel, zinc, copper, aluminium and bronze. Particulate which is the third secondary air pollutant of importance comes in form of aerosol with SO 4 2-and NO 3 -as some of the dominant species (Selma et al, 2001, Sun et al, 2004and Chang and Lee, 2007 if the precursors i.e. primary pollutants are from natural gas flares.…”

Section: Secondary Air Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Natural Gas Flares-Induced Secondary Air Pollutants

Sonibare

2013

Global NEST Journal

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Application of material balance analysis (in one of our previous studies) to natural gas flare in the upstream petroleum operations confirmed the emission of primary air pollutants in form of CO, CO 2 , NO, and NO 2 from "sweet" natural gas while "sour" gas emits SO 2 in addition; incomplete combustion may be an impetus for the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere from this same source. In this article, the significance of these gaseous emissions in the formation of secondary air pollutants in the atmosphere is reviewed for the purpose of air pollution control strategy. The goal is to describe the formation mechanism, to determine the influencing factors in formation along with environmental impacts and to identify the required technological and policy control approach for an improved environmental protection.

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Comprehensive characterisation of atmospheric aerosols in Budapest, Hungary: physicochemical properties of inorganic species

Cited by 84 publications

References 25 publications

Production, growth and properties of ultrafine atmospheric aerosol particles in an urban environment

Production, growth and properties of ultrafine atmospheric aerosol particles in an urban environment

Elemental characterization of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in the town of Genoa (Italy)

A Critical Review of Natural Gas Flares-Induced Secondary Air Pollutants

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