“…Large amounts of Khib have been reported in plants, such as developing rice seeds ( Meng et al, 2017 ), common wheat ( Bo et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ) and Physcomitrella patens ( Yu et al, 2017 ); Histone H4K8 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (H4K8 hib) has been identified as an evolutionarily conserved modification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( Huang et al, 2017 ). Some reports have described Khib in biological pathogens, such as the animal pathogens Proteus mirabilis , Toxoplasma gondii , and Candida albicans ( Dong et al, 2018 ; Yin et al, 2019 ; Zheng et al, 2021 ), Khib in plant pathogens has also been reported, such as Fusarium oxysporum , Botrytis cinerea , and Ustilaginoidea virens ( Xu et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2021 ; Qian et al, 2021 ). Reports on these three pathogens have revealed that Khib is widely distributed in cellular compartments and is involved in diverse cellular processes, including regulation of pathogenicity and virulence.…”