Computational Model to Investigate the Sound Radiation from Rolling Tires

Abstract

Tire/road noise is one of the most urgent problems in traffic noise abatement. Therefore, to facilitate the design process of low noise tire/road systems, the development of appropriate computational tools, accounting for the most relevant effects of the noise generation and radiation, seems essential. However, until now no physically based and validated models exist that can be used to determine the sound radiation of rolling vehicle tires within the relevant frequency range and with reasonable accuracy. The numerical model presented here is based on a simulation process that may be split into several analysis steps: computation of the nonlinear stationary rolling process, analysis of the tire dynamics caused by the road roughness, and computation of the sound radiation. This contribution is concerned with the latter part of the analysis procedure. For the sound radiation analysis, the vibrations on the tire surface are extracted from a preceding structural analysis and used as boundary conditions in the acoustic model. The acoustic simulation process is based on the finite/infinite element approach, where an improved variant of the so-called Astley-Leis elements is used to model the sound radiation. The efficiency of the employed numerical methods is somewhat essential, because computational costs generally restrict the frequency range which can be simulated. By evaluating the sound pressure field, it is possible to compare the acoustic performance of specific tire/road systems, and the influence of certain parameters, such as the road texture or the impedance, on the noise radiation can be studied. The current work focuses on the validation of the computational model. Hence, characteristic results from the numerical simulations are compared with corresponding measurement data obtained from different test setups, including standing as well as rolling tires. This paper is dedicated to Em. O. Univ. Professor Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Techn. Dr. H. C. Franz Ziegler on the occasion of his 70th birthday.

On the dynamics of rotating and rolling structures

“…The physical origins of these effects have been discussed in the previous sections on rather simple For the analysis of large-scale 3D structures by finite element methods great progress has been made recently in the context of rolling tire dynamics [7] and with emphasis on rolling noise simulations [5,6]. In those applications additional effects such as large elastic deformations and nonlinear as well as inelastic material properties have to be tackled, for which an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) framework has been introduced [12].…”

Influencing Parameters on Tire–Pavement Interaction Noise: Review, Experiments, and Design Considerations

“…Texture spectrum analysis (He and Wang, 1991 [199]; Lee et al, 1998 [200]; Wang and He, 1990 [201]) can also be applied to pavement texture investigations standardized in ISO/TS 13473-4 (2008) [202]. It means TPIN has different sensitivities to the different components of texture spectrum, and certain range of spectrum might be ignored or cannot be recognized by the tire (Biermann et al, [194]). Most of the cases, power spectrum of the texture is used, which will lose the phase information.…”

Tyre Cavity Coupling Resonance and Countermeasures

“…In contrary, secondary measures such as applying absorbing material inside the tyre would increase cost, thereby puts it in the least of preferences by the vehicle industry. Instead, the industry requires the tyre manufacturers to integrate the solution into the construction of the tyres [5]. This could be made possible by layering the tyre inner surface with some sort of trim layers in the configuration that can be integrated to the primary design of the tyre.…”