Computer science skills across China, India, Russia, and the United States

Abstract

We assess and compare computer science skills among final-year computer science undergraduates (seniors) in four major economic and political powers that produce approximately half of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics graduates in the world. We find that seniors in the United States substantially outperform seniors in China, India, and Russia by 0.76–0.88 SDs and score comparably with seniors in elite institutions in these countries. Seniors in elite institutions in the United States further outperform seniors in elite institutions in China, India, and Russia by ∼0.85 SDs. The skills advantage of the United States is not because it has a large proportion of high-scoring international students. Finally, males score consistently but only moderately higher (0.16–0.41 SDs) than females within all four countries.

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“…c) Finally, and most importantly to this paper, the limited ability of migrant workers to equalize the returns they obtain from their educational investments with those of natives has also been linked to the education system in which migrants obtained their credentials (Hawthorne, 2005). Inequalities in returns to education between immigrant and native workers could be due to differences in the very quality of the education obtained in origin and destination (Loyalka et al, 2019). If that is the case, we would expect differences in the intrinsic value of educational credentials obtained in different countries (Card, 1999;Card & Krueger, 1992).…”

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