Concentração de fluoreto em arroz, feijão e alimentos infantis industrializados

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To determine fl uoride concentrations in the typical Brazilian meal (rice with beans) and in processed infant foods, and to estimate their contribution towards dental fl uorosis. METHODS:The foods were purchased at supermarkets in the cities of Piracicaba and Campinas, Southeastern Brazil. The processed infant foods were bought in 2001 and the rice and beans in 2003, and they were analyzed immediately. Three brands of rice, three brands of beans and 36 samples of infant foods were analyzed, divided into fi ve groups: ready-to-eat, porridges, formulated foods, powdered milk and others. For the rice and beans, fl uoride concentrations were determined in the raw grains and after they were cooked with fl uoridated (0.7 ppm) or distilled water. All the fl uoride analyses were performed using a specifi c electrode. A dose of 0.07 mg/kg/day was considered to be the upper limit of fl uoride exposure in terms of fl uorosis risks. RESULTS:The fl uoride concentrations found in the grains of rice and beans were low. However, they increased 100 to 200-fold after cooking in fl uoridated water. Even so, they were lower than what is found in some processed foods. A meal of rice and beans prepared with fl uoridated water would be responsible for 29% of the threshold dose for fl uoride intake in terms of acceptable fl uorosis; the contribution from some processed foods reaches 45%. CONCLUSIONS:The typical Brazilian food, even when prepared with fl uoridated water, is safer in terms of the risk of dental fl uorosis than are some processed infant foods.

Conhecimentos Nutricionais e Perfil Alimentar: Discussão dos Saberes e Práticas de Acadêmicos de Pedagogia

“…O arroz com feijão (na proporção aproximada de 2:1) é uma combinação altamente nutritiva, e é o prato típico brasileiro. No entanto, nos últimos tempos observou-se uma diminuição no seu consumo e aumento considerável no consumo de carnes 14,15 . Diante dos erros mais prevalentes nas respostas dos universitários, em relação à na pergunta que questionava sobre o porcionamento correto de frutas, 52,5% (n=52) não sabiam a sua correta recomendação diária, assim como aconteceu nas porções de hortaliças, em que 93% (n=93,9) dos avaliados também não conheciam a quantidade correta de consumo diário.…”

Dental fluorosis in populations from Chiang Mai, Thailand with different fluoride exposures – Paper 1: assessing fluorosis risk, predictors of fluorosis and the potential role of food preparation

“…The fluoride content of the food consumed can have an important impact on the quantity of fluoride ingested [25-27]. Rice is a staple foodstuff in the diet in Thailand and is eaten from an early age.…”

“…It has been shown that different methods of preparation and cooking of rice can affect the final fluoride concentration [28] and even when rice is prepared with water considered to be optimally fluoridated there can be a significant effect on fluoride content and hence fluoride intake. It has been demonstrated individuals consuming a similar diet of rice and beans in an optimally fluoridated area would be subject to a dose of 0.02mmg/F/day/kg body weight – corresponding to 45% of the total intake of fluoride from foods and beverages [27]. Nevertheless, it would appear both the water used for soaking the rice and the length of time the rice is soaked have the most profound effect [7].…”

Concentración de fluoruro en aguas embotelladas comercializadas en Chile: importancia en caries y fluorosis dental

“…Se requiere más investigación para determinar si el reemplazo del consumo de agua potable fluorada por el agua embotellada sin F, pero manteniendo la exposición a las dosis contenidas en los dentífricos tiene un impacto real en la ocurrencia de caries de la población. Es importante destacar que la población que vive en una región con agua fluorada, aun cuando no consuma agua potable para beber, continúa beneficiándose por la incorporación de F cuando los alimentos son preparados con dicha agua 37 . Dada la gran disparidad en el contenido de F en las aguas disponibles en Chile, se sugiere que la concentración de F debería ser declarada en el envase de los fabricantes.…”