Concentric versus eccentric training: Effect on muscle strength, regional morphology, and architecture

Benford, Jack; Hughes, Jonathan; Waldron, Mark; Theis, Nicola

doi:10.1002/tsm2.197

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally, the hand-search of references revealed 17 records, of which 6 were included in the systematic search of In the end a total of 18 studies met all inclusion criteria (Blazevich et al, 2007;Duclay et al, 2009;Potier et al, 2009;Guilhem et al, 2013;Franchi et al, 2014;Sharifnezhad et al, 2014;Coratella et al, 2015;Timmins et al, 2016b;Bourne et al, 2017;Seymore et al, 2017;Abdel-Aziem et al, 2018;Kay et al, 2018;Ribeiro-Alvares et al, 2018;Duhig et al, 2019;Delvaux et al, 2020;Marušič et al, 2020;Benford et al, 2021;Uysal et al, 2021) and were included in this systematic review.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples' mean age ranged from 19 (Kay et al, 2018) to 28 years (Potier et al, 2009;Seymore et al, 2017). 11 of the 18 studies included males only (Duclay et al, 2009;Guilhem et al, 2013;Franchi et al, 2014;Coratella et al, 2015;Timmins et al, 2016b;Bourne et al, 2017;Abdel-Aziem et al, 2018;Duhig et al, 2019;Delvaux et al, 2020;Benford et al, 2021;Uysal et al, 2021). 15 studies examined FL changes by ultrasound (Blazevich et al, 2007;Duclay et al, 2009;Potier et al, 2009;Guilhem et al, 2013;Franchi et al, 2014;Sharifnezhad et al, 2014;Coratella et al, 2015;Timmins et al, 2016b;Bourne et al, 2017;Seymore et al, 2017;Kay et al, 2018;Ribeiro-Alvares et al, 2018;Duhig et al, 2019;Marušič et al, 2020;Benford et al, 2021).…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 of the 18 studies included males only (Duclay et al, 2009;Guilhem et al, 2013;Franchi et al, 2014;Coratella et al, 2015;Timmins et al, 2016b;Bourne et al, 2017;Abdel-Aziem et al, 2018;Duhig et al, 2019;Delvaux et al, 2020;Benford et al, 2021;Uysal et al, 2021). 15 studies examined FL changes by ultrasound (Blazevich et al, 2007;Duclay et al, 2009;Potier et al, 2009;Guilhem et al, 2013;Franchi et al, 2014;Sharifnezhad et al, 2014;Coratella et al, 2015;Timmins et al, 2016b;Bourne et al, 2017;Seymore et al, 2017;Kay et al, 2018;Ribeiro-Alvares et al, 2018;Duhig et al, 2019;Marušič et al, 2020;Benford et al, 2021). 6 studies measured ROM either with isokinetic dynamometer (Potier et al, 2009;Kay et al, 2018), sit-and-reach-test (Ribeiro-Alvares et al, 2018Uysal et al, 2021), a 3D-video recording (Delvaux et al, 2020), or a goniometer (Abdel-Aziem et al, 2018).…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All studies examined strength changes from pre to post intervention. 11 studies tested for isometric strength (Duclay et al, 2009;Guilhem et al, 2013;Franchi et al, 2014;Sharifnezhad et al, 2014;Coratella et al, 2015;Kay et al, 2018;Ribeiro-Alvares et al, 2018;Duhig et al, 2019;Marušič et al, 2020;Benford et al, 2021;Uysal et al, 2021). 10 studies tested isokinetic strength (Blazevich et al, 2007;Guilhem et al, 2013;Coratella et al, 2015;Timmins et al, 2016b;Seymore et al, 2017;Abdel-Aziem et al, 2018;Kay et al, 2018;Ribeiro-Alvares et al, 2018;Delvaux et al, 2020;Marušič et al, 2020).…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Effects of Eccentric Strength Training on Flexibility and Strength in Healthy Samples and Laboratory Settings: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The risk of future injury appears to be influenced by agonist fascicle length (FL), joint range of motion (ROM) and eccentric strength. Biomechanical observations of the torque-angle-relationship further reveal a strong dependence on these factors. In practice, a longer FL improves sprinting performance and lowers injury risk. Classical stretching is a popular and evidenced-based training for enhancing ROM but does not have any effects on FL and injury risk. However, recent studies show that eccentric-only training (ECC) improves both flexibility and strength, and effectively lowers risk of injury.Objectives: To review the evidence on benefits of ECC for flexibility and strength.Methods: COCHRANE, PUBMED, SCOPUS, SPOLIT, and SPONET were searched for laboratory trials that compare ECC to at least one comparison group. Studies were eligible if they examined both strength and flexibility metrics in a healthy sample (<65 years) and met criteria for controlled or randomized clinical trials (CCT, RCT). 18 studies have been included and successfully rated using the PEDro scale.Results: 16 of 18 studies show strong evidence of strength and flexibility enhancements for the lower limb. While improvements between ECC and concentric training (CONC) were similar for eccentric (+19 ± 10% vs. +19 ± 11%) and isometric strength (+16 ± 10% vs. +13 ± 6%), CONC showed larger improvements for concentric strength (+9 ± 6% vs. +16 ± 7%). While for ROM ECC showed improvements (+9 ± 7%), no results could be found for CONC. The overall effectiveness of ECC seems to be higher than of CONC.Conclusion: There is clear evidence that ECC is an effective method for changes in muscle architecture, leading to both flexibility and strength improvements for the lower limb. Due to limited data no shoulder study could be included. Further research is needed for the upper body joints with a focus on functional and structural adaptions.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021283248, identifier CRD42021283248

show abstract

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Effects of Eccentric Strength Training on Flexibility and Strength in Healthy Samples and Laboratory Settings: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As muscle remodelling processes appear to be related to the amount of stress and strain applied onto the muscle 24 , it is also possible that muscle strain may be heterogeneous across different regions of the same muscle 14,25 implying that morphological, structural and even molecular adaptations due to eccentric training are non-uniform within the muscle 3,17 . For example, in vivo measures of sarcomere length in the human tibialis anterior muscle have shown that sarcomeres are longer in the distal compared to the proximal region, despite fibres being of similar length 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biceps femoris long head sarcomere and fascicle length adaptations after three weeks of eccentric exercise training

Pincheira

Boswell

Franchi

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeEccentric exercise is widely used to increase muscle fascicle lengths and thus decrease the risk of muscle strain injuries. However, the mechanisms behind this protection are still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether Biceps femoris long head (BFlh) fascicle length increases in response to three weeks of eccentric exercise training are the result of addition of in-series sarcomeres within muscle fibres.MethodsTen recreationally active participants (age: 27 ± 3 years, mass: 70 ± 14 kg, height: 174 ± 9 cm) completed three weeks of Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) training. We collected in vivo sarcomere and muscle fascicle images of the BFlh in two regions (central and distal), utilising microendoscopy and 3D ultrasonography. These images allowed us to estimate sarcomere length, sarcomere number and fascicle lengths before and after the training intervention.ResultsEccentric knee flexion strength increased after the training (15%, P < 0.001, ηp2= 0.75). Further, we found a significant increase in fascicle (21%, P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.81) and sarcomere (17%, P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.9) lengths in the distal but not in the central portion of the muscle. The estimated number of in series sarcomeres did not change in either region.ConclusionFascicle length adaptations appear to be heterogeneous in the BFlf in response to three weeks of NHE training. An increase in sarcomere length, rather than the addition of sarcomeres in series, appears to be underlying this adaptation. The mechanism driving regional increases in fascicle and sarcomere length remain unknown, but we speculate it may be driven by regional changes in the passive tension of muscle or connective tissue adaptations.

show abstract

Regional muscle features and their association with knee extensors force production at a single joint angle

Monte

Franchi

2023

Eur J Appl Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed (i) to investigate the role of regional characteristics of the knee extensors muscles (vastus lateralis: VL, vastus intermedius: VI and rectus femoris: RF) in determining maximum-voluntary force (MVF); and (ii) to understand which regional parameter of muscle structure would best predict MVF. Muscle architecture (e.g., pennation angle and fascicle length), muscle volume (Vol), anatomical (ACSA) and physiological cross-sectional-area (PCSA) were measured in the proximal (0–33% of the muscle length), middle (33–66% of the muscle length) and distal (66–100% of the muscle length) portions of each muscle in fifteen healthy males using ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Knee extensors force was calculated in isometric condition at a single knee joint angle of 90 degrees. Regional ACSA, Vol and PCSA were correlated with MVF production. Regional muscle geometry showed no significant correlations with MVF. Among regions, the middle portion of each muscle was largely correlated with MVF compared to all the other regions (distal and proximal). To understand which regional structural parameter best predicted MVF, a stepwise multiple linear regression was performed. This model showed a significant explanatory power (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.76, adjusted R2 = 0.71), including muscle Vol collected in the mid portions of VL and RF. Even if no significant differences were reported between Vol, PCSA and ACSA in determining MVF, our results showed that the RF and VL volume collected in the middle portion of the muscle length are strong determinants of MVF produced by the knee extensors at 90 degrees joint angle.

show abstract

Concentric versus eccentric training: Effect on muscle strength, regional morphology, and architecture

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

The Effects of Eccentric Strength Training on Flexibility and Strength in Healthy Samples and Laboratory Settings: A Systematic Review

The Effects of Eccentric Strength Training on Flexibility and Strength in Healthy Samples and Laboratory Settings: A Systematic Review

Biceps femoris long head sarcomere and fascicle length adaptations after three weeks of eccentric exercise training

Regional muscle features and their association with knee extensors force production at a single joint angle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About