Conclusions, Guidelines and Recommendations from the IUNS/WHO Workshop: Nutrition in the Pediatric Age Group and Later Cardiovascular Disease

Åkerblom, H. K.; Chandra, Ranjit Kumar; Franklin, Frank A.; Giovannini, Marc; Grobbee, D.E.; Innis, Sheila M.; Jacques, Hélène; Kersting, Mathilde; Kunze, Detlef; Lifshitz, Fima; Mann, Jim; Martín, Ismael San Mauro; Michel, Ute; Naito, Herbert K.; Pagnan, Antonio; Wenger, R; Widhalm, Kurt

doi:10.1080/07315724.1992.10737973

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, though the lowest quartile of the population in regard to fat intake almost achieved the mean level of saturated fat intake (<10% of energy) recommended by some experts,2 few reported consuming <10% of energy from saturated fat. Though international dietary guidelines for children specify the restriction of saturated fat to 8–12% of energy, and some have suggested guidelines for polyunsaturated fat,3 4 8Nordic policies have not yet suggested cut off levels of saturated or polyunsaturated fat intake 56 Accordingly, we found that the intake of polyunsaturated fat in our population was low and decreased with decreasing fat intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…5 6 Others have suggested a more gradual transition from the high fat diet of infancy to a fat restricted diet at the end of linear growth,3 4 7 or a more moderate restriction of fat to <35% of the energy intake 8. A gradual or lesser change has been recommended because of concerns that children eating a low fat diet may not meet nutrient needs9 and because of reports of growth failure in children consuming ‘adult’ diets 10…”

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confidence: 99%

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Relation between dietary fat and energy and micronutrient intakes

Tonstad¹,

Sivertsen²

1997

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Concern has been raised about the energy and nutrient adequacy of low fat diets for children that aim to prevent cardiovascular disease in Western populations. The diets of 174 randomly chosen schoolchildren aged 8-12 years from middle and high socioeconomic groups were analysed to determine their nutrient composition in relation to fat intake. The mean percentages of energy intake from fat and saturated fat were 31 and 13%, respectively, and 44% of all children reported consuming <30% of their energy from fat. The energy intake did not change across the spectrum of fat intake. A decreased fat intake was associated with an increased sugar intake, but also with increased nutrient densities of thiamin, niacin, folate, vitamin C, magnesium, and iron, reflecting an increased intake of fruit, vegetables, and grains. Parental educational level was the most important determinant of fat intake (inverse relation). It is concluded that a self selected low fat intake among children from average to high socioeconomic backgrounds does not compromise their intake of major nutrients or energy. (Arch Dis Child 1997;76:416-420)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between dietary fat and energy and micronutrient intakes

Tonstad¹,

Sivertsen²

1997

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…This is similar to that observed in 2-year-old Finnish children by Niinikoski et al [27] (14.5 B 2.5%), and in 2-to 14-year-old Greek children (15%) by Roma-Giannikou et al [28]. Though the provision of energy by SFA is somewhat high, some authors have indicated that transition towards a lower fat intake in preschool children should not be abrupt since this may be accompanied by reductions in the intake of energy and nutrients [8,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Saturated Fatty Acid Consumption on Energy and Nutrient Intake and Blood Lipid Levels in Preschool Children

Ortega

Requejo²,

Navia³

et al. 2001

Ann Nutr Metab

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In this article the effects of saturated fatty acid (SFA) consumption on energy and nutrient intake, and on a range of serum lipid parameters (indicators of cardiovascular risk) are reported in a group of 110 preschool children. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: high consumption (HC), in which ≧13% (20th percentile) of total energy came from SFAs, and low consumption (LC), in which SFAs provided <13% of energy intake. Food intake was monitored for 7 consecutive days. At participating day care centers, a ‘precise individual weighing’ method was used, while a ‘food intake record’ was kept for foods taken at home. At the blood level it was found that HC subjects showed higher HDL-cholesterol levels and better HDL-cholesterol/LDL-cholesterol ratios than did LC subjects. The greater intakes of riboflavin, iodine, zinc, magnesium and calcium seen in HC subjects suggest that these may have a better nutritive status (with respect to certain nutrients) than LC subjects. The development of criteria for providing the greatest protection against cardiovascular disease, while maintaining good nutritive condition, should be the subject of future studies. This is especially important in children of preschool age since nutritional deficiencies at this stage in life can have important effects on growth and health.

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“…[1][2][3][4] Fears of the association of low intake of cholesterol and saturated fat and failure to grow have led to international recommendations which suggest that dietary counseling aimed at low cholesterol and saturated fat intake should be given only to adults and children older than 2 to 3 years. [5][6][7] However, the influence of fat intake on growth is controversial, because low fat intakes often are compatible with normal growth, if needs of energy and other nutrients of the child are fulfilled. 8 -13 Several arguments support early onset prevention of exposure of children to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors.…”

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confidence: 99%