Concussion in Professional Football

Viano, David C.; Hamberger, Anders; Bolouri, Hayde; Säljö, Annette

doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000345863.99099.c7

Cited by 88 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Sample size calculations were based on our previous behavioral and MRI studies ( α = 0.05, power = 80%, effect size ≥ 20%) 17, 18, 19. The mTBI(s) were induced with the lateral impact device as described elsewhere 14, 20. Briefly, animals were lightly anesthetized (~30 sec, until nonresponsive to a toe pinch) and placed chest down with the left side of their head facing the impactor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilizing an innovative modeling platform to induce mTBIs that mimicked the acceleration/deceleration and rotational forces often observed in sports‐related concussion,14, 15 this study aimed to examine the behavioral, gene expression, and structural changes associated with mTBI and RmTBI in adolescent rats of both sexes. Behavioral changes were assessed with a battery of tests previously demonstrated to evaluate symptomology consistent with PCS, including acute loss of consciousness (LOC), deficits in balance and motor coordination, anxiety, short‐term working memory, and depressive‐like behaviors 16.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex matters: repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in adolescent rats

Wright

O’Brien

Shultz

et al. 2017

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveWhether sex differences contribute to the heterogeneity of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and repeated mTBI (RmTBI) outcomes in adolescents is unknown. Therefore, this study examined changes in, and differences between, male and female rats following single mTBI and RmTBI.MethodsRats were given a single mTBI, RmTBI (i.e., 3x), or sham injuries. Injuries were administered using a lateral impact model that mimics forces common in human mTBI. After the final injury, rats underwent extensive behavioral testing to examine cognition, motor function, and anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behavior. Postmortem analyses investigated gene expression and structural changes in the brain.ResultsMany of the outcomes exhibited a sex‐dependent response to RmTBI. While all rats given RmTBI had deficits in balance, motor coordination, locomotion, and anxiety‐like behavior, only male rats given RmTBI had short‐term working memory deficits, whereas only females given RmTBI had increased depressive‐like behavior. Volumetric and diffusion weighted MRI analyses found that while RmTBI‐induced atrophy of the prefrontal cortex was greater in female rats, only the male rats exhibited worse white matter integrity in the corpus callosum following RmTBI. Sex‐dependent changes in brain expression of mRNA for glial fibrillary acidic protein, myelin basic protein, and tau protein were also observed following injury.InterpretationThese findings suggest that in adolescent mTBI, sex matters; and future studies incorporating both male and females are warranted to provide a greater understanding of injury prognosis and better inform clinical practice.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex matters: repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in adolescent rats

Wright

O’Brien

Shultz

et al. 2017

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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“…A few recent studies have begun to report details of head kinematics following impact CHI in rats (Viano et al, 2009; Li et al, 2011; Viano et al, 2012). For example, Li et al recently studied the biomechanical parameters of the weight-drop-based Marmarou impact acceleration model (Marmarou et al, 1994; Li et al, 2011).…”

Section: Towards Improving the Biomechanical Relevance Of Tbi In Animmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards clinical management of traumatic brain injury: a review of models and mechanisms from a biomechanical perspective

Namjoshi

Good²,

Cheng

et al. 2013

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major worldwide healthcare problem. Despite promising outcomes from many preclinical studies, the failure of several clinical studies to identify effective therapeutic and pharmacological approaches for TBI suggests that methods to improve the translational potential of preclinical studies are highly desirable. Rodent models of TBI are increasingly in demand for preclinical research, particularly for closed head injury (CHI), which mimics the most common type of TBI observed clinically. Although seemingly simple to establish, CHI models are particularly prone to experimental variability. Promisingly, bioengineering-oriented research has advanced our understanding of the nature of the mechanical forces and resulting head and brain motion during TBI. However, many neuroscience-oriented laboratories lack guidance with respect to fundamental biomechanical principles of TBI. Here, we review key historical and current literature that is relevant to the investigation of TBI from clinical, physiological and biomechanical perspectives, and comment on how the current challenges associated with rodent TBI models, particularly those involving CHI, could be improved.

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“…now several reports of histologically verified post-mortem neuropathologies associated with mTBI (Bigler, 2004;Bigler & Maxwell, 2012;Blumbergs et al, 1994;McKee et al, 2009;Omalu et al, 2011), with several important animal models of mTBI demonstrating the potential for permanent cellular pathologies following mTBI (Browne, Chen, Meaney, & Smith, 2011;Gao & Chen, 2011;Viano, Hamberger, Bolouri, & Saljo, 2009;Zohar, Rubovitch, Milman, Schreiber, & Pick, 2011). These histopathological studies demonstrating chronic lesions associated with mTBI do not support Rohling et al's conclusion that mTBI is fully explainable as part of a transient, solitary neurometabolic cascade, nor do the original proponents of the neurometabolic cascade theory continue to endorse such an opinion as the only possibility (see Barkhoudarian, Hovda, & Giza, 2011).…”

Section: Data Transparency: the Meta-analysis Spread Sheetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaffirmed Limitations of Meta-Analytic Methods in the Study of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Response to Rohling et al.

Bigler

Farrer

Pertab

et al. 2013

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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In 2009 Pertab, James, and Bigler published a critique of two prior meta-analyses by Binder, Rohling, and Larrabee (1997) and Frencham, Fox, and Maybery (2005) that showed small effect size difference at least 3 months post-injury in individuals who had sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The Binder et al. and Frencham et al. meta-analyses have been widely cited as showing no lasting effect of mTBI. In their critique Pertab et al. (2009) point out many limitations of these two prior meta-analyses, demonstrating that depending on how inclusion/exclusion criteria were defined different meta-analytic findings occur, some supporting the persistence of neuropsychological impairments beyond 3 months. Rohling et al. (2011) have now critiqued Pertab et al. (2009). Herein we respond to the Rolling et al. (2011) critique reaffirming the original findings of Pertab et al. (2009), providing additional details concerning the flaws in prior meta-analytic mTBI studies and the effects on neuropsychological performance.

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Concussion in Professional Football

Abstract: A concussion model was developed to simulate the high velocity of impact and rapid head DeltaV of concussions in National Football League players. The new procedure can be used to evaluate immediate and latent effects of concussion and more severe injury with greater impact mass.

Cited by 88 publications

References 58 publications

Sex matters: repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in adolescent rats

Sex matters: repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in adolescent rats

Towards clinical management of traumatic brain injury: a review of models and mechanisms from a biomechanical perspective

Reaffirmed Limitations of Meta-Analytic Methods in the Study of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Response to Rohling et al.

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