Confinement synthesis in porous molecule-based materials: a new opportunity for ultrafine nanostructures

Cao, Liming; Jia, Zhang; Zhang, Xuefeng; He, Chun‐Ting

doi:10.1039/d1sc05983a

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…The occupation of nanopores by Pd NPs is also reflected by the fact that the surface density of pores in G@np-TiO 2 @Pd is much lower than that in G@np-TiO 2 . The absence of Pd NPs in some small nanopores is caused by too slow diffusion of PdCl 4 2– and AA into these ultrasmall pores during the synthesis of Pd NPs, making it difficult to nucleate inside them for subsequent growth. , The nanopore-confined growth of Pd NPs was further supported by the ultrasmall Pd NPs obtained. Their size is 4.97 ± 0.45 nm (see size distribution in Figure C), in agreement with the nanopore size of the TiO 2 coating.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Self-assembled TiO₂ Nanopore-Confined Growth of Pd NPs on Pristine Graphene for Superior Electrocatalytic Performance toward Formic Acid Oxidation

Yang,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Nanoporous cocatalysts can guide the growth of catalysts with promoted activity, but it is extremely challenging to identify, synthesize, and integrate them to fabricate supported nanoelectrocatalysts with high performance. An ultrathin, uniform layer of nanoporous TiO 2 has been self-assembled on pristine graphene to mediate Pd growth. Ultrasmall, uniform, and highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles (NPs) have been selectively grown in TiO 2 nanopores due to nanopore-enhanced adsorption of PdCl 4 2− and in situ nucleation of Pd seeds. The obtained graphenesupported TiO 2 -nanopore-confined Pd NPs show remarkably improved formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) catalytic performance compared to Pd NPs grown on graphene and on nonporous-TiO 2 -modified graphene and commercial Pd/C. The activity is among the highest reported for Pd-based catalysts. The superior performance is ascribed to the ultrasmall and highly dispersed Pd NPs embedded in graphene-supported nanoporous TiO 2 , which create an ultrahigh electrochemically active surface area, and the large interface area between TiO 2 and intimately grown Pd NPs, which significantly enhances intrinsic catalytic activity via the bifunctional mechanism. This work not only develops a strategy to fabricate graphene-supported Pd NPs with cocatalysts effectively integrated for achieving excellent catalytic performance but also sheds light on the mechanisms of nanopore-confined growth of Pd NPs and nanopore-enhanced promotion of FAOR catalysis.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Self-assembled TiO₂ Nanopore-Confined Growth of Pd NPs on Pristine Graphene for Superior Electrocatalytic Performance toward Formic Acid Oxidation

Yang,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…It is associated with the pore environment, the internal surface characteristics, and the kinetics of wetting and filling of MOFs, which may lead to undesired loading of metals on the MOF surface. [77] The third one is to encapsulate metal NSs via MOF coating. [15,78] In this structure, the metal NSs do not stay in the cavities or channels of the MOFs, allowing the selection of NPs with a variety of size, shape, and composition.…”

Section: Supporting Metal Nss On/in Mofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Metals: Synergy for Electrocatalysis

Liu

Lee

et al. 2023

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Electrocatalysis is a highly promising technology widely used in clean energy conversion. There is a continuing need to develop advanced electrocatalysts to catalyze the critical electrochemical reactions. Integrating metal active species, including various metal nanostructures (NSs) and atomically dispersed metal sites (ADMSs), into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) leads to the formation of promising heterogeneous electrocatalysts that take advantage of both components. Among them, MOFs can provide support and protection for the active sites on guest metals, and the resulting host‐guest interactions can synergistically enhance the electrocatalytic performance. In this review, three key concerns on MOF‐metal heterogeneous electrocatalysts regarding the catalytic sites, conductivity, and catalytic stability are first presented. Then, rational integration strategies of MOFs and metals, including the integration of metal NSs via surface anchoring, space confining, and MOF coating, as well as the integration of ADMSs either with the metal nodes/linkers or within the pores of MOFs, along with their recent progress on synergistic cooperation for specific electrochemical reactions are summarized. Finally, current challenges and possible solutions in applying these increasingly concerned electrocatalysts are also provided.

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“…[35][36][37] Generally, carbon-based MICs need to be prepared by specific carbon sources through complex chemical transformations. Carbon sources can be classified into inorganic/hybrid carbon sources (carbide, [38][39][40][41] graphene, [42][43][44][45] carbon nanotube [46][47][48] or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [49][50][51][52][53] etc.) and pure organic carbon sources, such as amines, [54,55] covalent organic frameworks (COFs), [56][57][58] alkanes and porous organic polymers (POPs) and so on.…”

Section: Carbon-based Micsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass‐Derived Carbon‐Based Multicomponent Integration Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting

Guo

et al. 2023

ChemSusChem

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Electrocatalytic water splitting powered by sustainable electricity is a crucial approach for the development of new generation green hydrogen technology. Biomass materials are abundant and renewable, and the application of catalysis can increase the value of some biomass waste and turn waste into fortune. Converting economical and resource‐rich biomass into carbon‐based multicomponent integrated catalysts (MICs) has been considered as one of the most promising ways to obtain inexpensive, renewable and sustainable electrocatalysts in recent years. In this review, recent advances in biomass‐derived carbon‐based MICs towards electrocatalytic water splitting are summarized, and the existing issues and key aspects in the development of these electrocatalysts are also discussed and prospected. The application of biomass‐derived carbon‐based materials will bring some new opportunities in the fields of energy, environment, and catalysis, as well as promote the commercialization of new nanocatalysts in the near future.

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Confinement synthesis in porous molecule-based materials: a new opportunity for ultrafine nanostructures

Abstract: The space-, coordination-, and/or ion-confinement in porous molecule-based materials (PMMs) endow the PMM-confinement (pyrolysis) synthesis to construct a variety of ultrafine nanostructures.

Cited by 29 publications

References 171 publications

Self-assembled TiO₂ Nanopore-Confined Growth of Pd NPs on Pristine Graphene for Superior Electrocatalytic Performance toward Formic Acid Oxidation

Self-assembled TiO₂ Nanopore-Confined Growth of Pd NPs on Pristine Graphene for Superior Electrocatalytic Performance toward Formic Acid Oxidation

Integration of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Metals: Synergy for Electrocatalysis

Biomass‐Derived Carbon‐Based Multicomponent Integration Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting

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Confinement synthesis in porous molecule-based materials: a new opportunity for ultrafine nanostructures

Abstract: The space-, coordination-, and/or ion-confinement in porous molecule-based materials (PMMs) endow the PMM-confinement (pyrolysis) synthesis to construct a variety of ultrafine nanostructures.

Cited by 29 publications

References 171 publications

Self-assembled TiO2 Nanopore-Confined Growth of Pd NPs on Pristine Graphene for Superior Electrocatalytic Performance toward Formic Acid Oxidation

Self-assembled TiO2 Nanopore-Confined Growth of Pd NPs on Pristine Graphene for Superior Electrocatalytic Performance toward Formic Acid Oxidation

Integration of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Metals: Synergy for Electrocatalysis

Biomass‐Derived Carbon‐Based Multicomponent Integration Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting

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Product

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Self-assembled TiO₂ Nanopore-Confined Growth of Pd NPs on Pristine Graphene for Superior Electrocatalytic Performance toward Formic Acid Oxidation

Self-assembled TiO₂ Nanopore-Confined Growth of Pd NPs on Pristine Graphene for Superior Electrocatalytic Performance toward Formic Acid Oxidation