Conflitos causados pela predação de rebanhos domésticos por grandes felinos em comunidades quilombolas na Mata Atlântica

Abstract

Domestic livestock predation by jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) was recorded from 1998 to 2000 and local opinion to solve the conflict was investigated in two quilombola communities in the Atlantic Forest. The householders were interviewed regularly from May 2000 to January 2001. Predation depended on the number of domestic animals per household, and was apparently selective and possibly seasonal. The economic damage was high when associated with the low livestock number. People's attitude towards predators was negative and most of those surveyed (54%) suggested these animals should be eliminated. Knowing the local perception is essential to adopt a participative management to reduce household losses and to guarantee large cats' conservation.Keywords A predação de rebanhos domésticos por onças-pintadas (Panthera onca) e onças-pardas (Puma concolor) foi quantificada de 1998 a 2000 e a opinião local para resolver o conflito foi investigada em duas comunidades quilombolas na Mata Atlântica. Os responsáveis pelas propriedades foram entrevistados regularmente de maio de 2000 a janeiro de 2001. A predação foi dependente do número de animais domésticos nas propriedades, foi aparentemente seletiva e possivelmente sazonal. O prejuízo econômico foi alto quando associado com o baixo número de criações. A população expressou uma visão bastante negativa frente à presença de onças e a maior parte (54%) sugeriu o extermínio desses animais. Conhecer a percepção local é fundamental para adotar um planejamento participativo que reduza as perdas dos proprietários e garanta a conservação dos grandes felinos.Palavras-chave: conflito homem-natureza, Mata Atlântica, Panthera onca, percepção, Puma concolor.

Livestock Predation by Puma (Puma concolor) in the Highlands of a Southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest

“…To reduce potential bias due to differences in memory of respondents, we only quantified the frequencies (n), percentages (%), mean (x), and standard deviation (SD) of livestock attacked more recently (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) as per similar surveys (Oli et al 1994;Palmeira and Barrella 2007;Soto-Shoender and Giuliano 2011).…”

“…We conducted interviews 10 months after first contact with livestock breeders (from May to August 2007) in an attempt to establish trust between the interviewer and the interviewee, and provide more consistent data collection (Oli et al 1994;Palmeira and Barrella 2007).…”

Do attacks by jaguars Panthera onca and pumas Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) on livestock correlate with species richness and relative abundance of wild prey?

“…Since top predators require large territories and a relatively high and diverse abundance of prey species (Linnell, Swenson, & Andersen, 2001;Macdonald & Sillero-Zubiri, 2002), they are especially sensitive to landscape changes, and most of their populations are already restricted to protected areas (Michalski, Boulhosa, Faria, & Peres, 2006). increased interaction between people and big cats, like the jaguar (Panthera onca) and the puma (Puma concolor) tends to escalate conflicts (Saberwal, Gibbs, Chellam, & Johnsingh, 1994;Treves & Karanth, 2003;Kissling, Fernández, & Paruelo, 2009).Large cat attacks on domestic animals are one of the main reasons for conflict with humans due to economic losses for local communities (Hoogesteijn, Hoogesteijn, & Mondolfi, 1993;Palmeira & Barrella, 2007;inskip & Zimmermann, 2009). Palmeira (2004 in Brazil, estimated the loss attributable to jaguars as 25 865USD in six years in one big cattle farm, while 50 small farms in Northern Costa Rica recorded total cattle losses of 9 065USD, during one and a half year, when including both jaguar and puma attacks (Amit, GordilloChavez, & Bone, 2013).…”

“…Large cat attacks on domestic animals are one of the main reasons for conflict with humans due to economic losses for local communities (Hoogesteijn, Hoogesteijn, & Mondolfi, 1993;Palmeira & Barrella, 2007;inskip & Zimmermann, 2009). Palmeira (2004) in Brazil, estimated the loss attributable to jaguars as 25 865USD in six years in one big cattle farm, while 50 small farms in Northern Costa Rica recorded total cattle losses of 9 065USD, during one and a half year, when including both jaguar and puma attacks (Amit, GordilloChavez, & Bone, 2013).…”

Nos voisines, les bêtes : situation des conflits avec la faune sauvage dans une aire protégée de la périphérie de Manaus (Amazonas, Brésil)

“…Quelles sont donc les pistes à explorer pour améliorer les conditions de cohabitation ? L'idée d'une « culture de la cohabitation » que l'on retrouve chez certains auteurs (Galhano Alves, 2003 ;Lescureux, 2010), n'est pas totalement évidente chez les habitants des aires protégées si l'on observe les quelques études de cas menées sur le sol brésilien (Palmeira et Barella, 2007 ;Rosas-Ribeiro, art.cit). Le fait d'avoir cohabité une grande partie de leurs vies avec des grands prédateurs ou des espèces dangereuses n'a pas entraîné pour autant leur large acceptation.…”