Congenital absence of the palmaris longus muscle: A meta-analysis comparing cadaveric and functional studies

Pękala, Przemysław A.; Henry, Brandon Michael; Pękala, Jakub R.; Skinningsrud, Bendik; Walocha, Jerzy; Bonczar, M; Tomaszewski, Krzysztof A.

doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2017.08.002

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Comparing the findings of these monographs, variations in sample sizes, age of the study participants, and study methods should be regarded. The majority of studies have used clinical tests to find PL muscles that are prone to bias and usually overestimate the rate of PLA, compared to necropsy, i.e., objective and more accurate [10]. Of the study, participants' age also varies in these monographs; however, as PL develops at birth [11], we assumed that age is not a confounder of PLA prevalence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Patterns of Palmaris Longus Muscle Absence in an Iranian Population

Forouzesh

Barzegar

Fallah

2019

Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med

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Palmaris Longus (PL) is a muscle of the forearm, i.e., not functionally necessary and does not exist in all people. It is a choice for tendon graft and investigating its prevalence is of clinical importance. During April-October 2009, 102 cadavers (78 males, 24 females) were bilaterally necropsied for PL exploration in Zanjan City, Iran. PL Absence (PLA) was observed in 37 (36.3%) cases (28 males, 9 females). PLA prevalence was similar in men (36%) and women (37.5%). Of PLA cases, 19 (51%) were unilateral (14 males, 5 females), and 18 (49%) were bilateral (14 males, 4 females). In conclusion, PLA prevalence of 36.3% in our population was similar to other studies conducted in Iran. We found no gender difference in PLA prevalence and its patterns. Due to geographical variability in PLA rate, future regional and national studies with more magnificent sample sizes are recommended to determine the prevalence and gender-specific patterns of PLA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Patterns of Palmaris Longus Muscle Absence in an Iranian Population

Forouzesh

Barzegar

Fallah

2019

Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med

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“…Overall, it seems that clinical tests for the presence of PL might be affected by other, less frequent variabilities of the muscle as well as a simple human error (Fig. 3) [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite its potential unreliability, Shaeffer's test is still vastly used both in clinic and in the research, even by authors who criticize it in their publications, mostly due to its simplicity [9,11,12,17,20]. In some situations, to avoid the above mentioned unreliability, authors tend to complement Shaeffer's test with other clinical tests such as Pushpakumar's, Mishra's, Thompson's or Gangata [1,9,11,12,20], however in most cases the differences between tests are marginal changes in fingers positioning or pressure applying [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some situations, to avoid the above mentioned unreliability, authors tend to complement Shaeffer's test with other clinical tests such as Pushpakumar's, Mishra's, Thompson's or Gangata [1,9,11,12,20], however in most cases the differences between tests are marginal changes in fingers positioning or pressure applying [17]. It seems reasonable to question such methods as potentially susceptible to human error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sonographic morphology of musculus palmaris longus in humans

et al. 2018

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“…Last, a clinical problem is that not all patients have a PL. Palmaris longus agenesis is seen in 10% to 15% of the population, although this can be different between ethnic groups [31]. If the PL is absent, a strip of the flexor carpi radialis tendon, as is used for the threeligament tenodesis procedure as described by Garcia-Elias et al [32] could also be utilized as interposition graft.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palmaris longus interposition in revision surgery for recurrent and persistent carpal tunnel syndrome: a case series

Sun

Schyns

Walbeehm

2019

Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery

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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most frequently operated neurological disorder of the hand. Incidence of patients remaining symptomatic has been reported up to 30% after primary release. Revision surgery remains challenging although multiple surgical options have been described. In this case series a simple novel technique, the palmaris longus interposition, is described for the treatment of recurrent and persistent CTS. Patients who underwent PLI between October 2013 and 2018 and without underlying neurological or hand disorders severely affecting the operated hand were eligible for inclusion. All were preoperatively diagnosed with recurrent or persistent CTS based on clinical assessment. Eighteen patients with 20 operated hands consented to the study. Patient characteristics were retrospectively reviewed, including nerve conduction studies and ultrasound scans. Patients were postoperatively asked to classify their symptoms as resolved, improved, not improved or worsened. In addition, postoperative symptom severity and functional status were assessed using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Ten hands showed recurrent symptoms while the other 10 showed persistent symptoms. The average follow-up was 15 months. No improvement was reported in 5 hands, whereas improvement or complete relief of symptoms was reported in 15 hands. The mean total score of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire postoperatively was 2.29 and ranged between 1.26 and 4.32. These results suggest that using the palmaris longus tendon as interposition graft between the leaves of the flexor retinaculum may be a suitable technique for the management of patients with mild to moderate symptoms of recurrent and persistent CTS. Further research should investigate whether this technique has better outcome compared to other procedures.

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Congenital absence of the palmaris longus muscle: A meta-analysis comparing cadaveric and functional studies

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

The Prevalence and Patterns of Palmaris Longus Muscle Absence in an Iranian Population

The Prevalence and Patterns of Palmaris Longus Muscle Absence in an Iranian Population

The sonographic morphology of musculus palmaris longus in humans

Palmaris longus interposition in revision surgery for recurrent and persistent carpal tunnel syndrome: a case series

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