Consensus based SoC trajectory tracking control design for economic-dispatched distributed battery energy storage system

Abstract

The state-of-charge (SoC) of an energy storage system (ESS) should be kept in a certain safe range for ensuring its state-of-health (SoH) as well as higher efficiency. This procedure maximizes the power capacity of the ESSs all the times. Furthermore, economic load dispatch (ELD) is implemented to allocate power among various ESSs, with the aim of fully meeting the load demand and reducing the total operating cost. In this research article, a distributed multi-agent consensus based control algorithm is proposed for multiple battery energy storage systems (BESSs), operating in a microgrid (MG), for fulfilling several objectives, including: SoC trajectories tracking control, economic load dispatch, active and reactive power sharing control, and voltage and frequency regulation (using the leader-follower consensus approach). The proposed algorithm considers the hierarchical control structure of the BESSs and the frequency/voltage droop controllers with limited information exchange among the BESSs. It embodies both self and communication time-delays, and achieves its objectives along with offering plug-and-play capability and robustness against communication link failure. Matlab/Simulink platform is used to test and validate the performance of the proposed algorithm under load disturbances through extensive simulations carried out on a modified IEEE 57-bus system. A detailed comparative analysis of the proposed distributed control strategy is carried out with the distributed PI-based conventional control strategy for demonstrating its superior performance.

Consensus-Based Delay-Tolerant Distributed Secondary Control Strategy for Droop Controlled AC Microgrids

“…As depicted in Figs. 22-24, the control scheme presented in [31]- [33] exhibits a slower convergence and larger deviations in case of equal active power sharing, than the proposed control scheme depicted in Figs. 11,16, and 20 under the same conditions.…”

“…24, the scheme presented in [31]- [33], exhibits larger oscillations in power sharing under large time-delays (i.e., 500 ms), than the proposed control scheme depicted in Fig. 20, and the consensus/convergence is not achieved even after t = 10 s. Similarly, in case of frequency regulation, the scheme presented in [31]- [33], exhibits much larger deviations, as depicted in Figs. 25-27 than the proposed scheme depicted in Figs.…”

“…The proposed control scheme is further tested against the existing distributed equal active power sharing scheme, found in [31]- [33], and expressed as follows.…”

“…2) The proposed control scheme ensures equal active power sharing and frequency regulation using a single control protocol for each DER unit as compared to the concepts reported in [13], [31]- [33], where a separate control methodology has been used for both purposes.…”

Control Methods for Standalone and Grid Connected Micro-Hydro Power Plants With Synthetic Inertia Frequency Support: A Comprehensive Review

“…Multiple VSMs can also be implemented to improve the performance of MHPPs in the presence of damping, inertia, power, and voltage loops. Some robust techniques like adaptive fuzzy [117] control and battery energy storage system with consensus [118] can be incorporated with synthetic inertia emulation techniques. The effect of power converters and its overloading capability in the context of VSM based MHPP can also be explored for further research work.…”