Conservation and Development in Amazonian Extractive Reserves: The Case of Alto Juruá

Ruiz‐Pérez, Manuel; Almeida, Mauro William Barbosa de; Dewi, Sonya; Costa, Eliza Mara Lozano; Pantoja, Mariana Ciavatta; Puntodewo, A.; Postigo, Augusto de Arruda; Andrade, Alexandre Goulart de

doi:10.1579/0044-7447-34.3.218

Cited by 48 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…Given the mandate in most Amazonian countries for co-management of resources on multiple use protected areas and indigenous lands [ 9 , 38 ], the recognized need to secure the role of wild meat for the food security of poor and isolated human populations in the tropics [ 39 ], and the continued interest of researchers in understanding the consequences of defaunation for forest regeneration [ 40 , 41 ], it is of critical importance that robust, accurate methodologies be used to assess hunted vertebrate populations and inform their management. Conclusions about animal abundance and distribution patterns based on potentially flawed data sets will compromise our understanding of animal population dynamics in the Neotropics and, by extension, the competence of management decision-making.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Line Transect Surveys Underdetect Terrestrial Mammals: Implications for the Sustainability of Subsistence Hunting

et al. 2016

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Conservation of Neotropical game species must take into account the livelihood and food security needs of local human populations. Hunting management decisions should therefore rely on abundance and distribution data that are as representative as possible of true population sizes and dynamics. We simultaneously applied a commonly used encounter-based method and an infrequently used sign-based method to estimate hunted vertebrate abundance in a 48,000-km2 indigenous landscape in southern Guyana. Diurnal direct encounter data collected during three years along 216, four-kilometer -long transects consistently under-detected many diurnal and nocturnal mammal species readily detected through sign. Of 32 species analyzed, 31 were detected by both methods; however, encounters did not detect one and under-detected another 12 of the most heavily hunted species relative to sign, while sign under-detected 12 never or rarely collected species relative to encounters. The six most important game animals in the region, all ungulates, were not encountered at 11–40% of village and control sites or on 29–72% of transects where they were detected by sign. Using the sign methodology, we find that tapirs, one of the terrestrial vertebrates considered most sensitive to overexploitation, are present at many sites where they were never visually detected during distance sampling. We find that this is true for many other species as well. These high rates of under-detection suggest that behavioral changes in hunted populations may affect apparent occurrence and abundance of these populations. Accumulation curves (detection of species on transects) were much steeper for sign for 12 of 16 hunted species than for encounters, but that pattern was reversed for 12 of 16 species unhunted in our area. We conclude that collection of sign data is an efficient and effective method of monitoring hunted vertebrate populations that complements encounter and camera-trapping methods in areas impacted by hunting. Sign surveys may be the most viable method for large-scale, management-oriented studies in remote areas, particularly those focused on community-based wildlife management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Line Transect Surveys Underdetect Terrestrial Mammals: Implications for the Sustainability of Subsistence Hunting

et al. 2016

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“…Indigenous lands contain 5 times the land area of fully protected parks and form the majority of protected land in highly contested areas [30]. Some limited-use areas, such as Acre's extractive reserves, are managed to preserve forest cover and provide local jobs [56]. Both these types of reserves have, in many cases, been designated because of fierce grassroots pressure from local people, a process still underway in some areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reserves Protect against Deforestation Fires in the Amazon

2009

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BackgroundReserves are the principal means to conserve forests and biodiversity, but the question of whether reserves work is still debated. In the Amazon, fires are closely linked to deforestation, and thus can be used as a proxy for reserve effectiveness in protecting forest cover. We ask whether reserves in the Brazilian Amazon provide effective protection against deforestation and consequently fires, whether that protection is because of their location or their legal status, and whether some reserve types are more effective than others.Methodology/Principal FindingsPrevious work has shown that most Amazonian fires occur close to roads and are more frequent in El Niño years. We quantified these relationships for reserves and unprotected areas by examining satellite-detected hot pixels regressed against road distance across the entire Brazilian Amazon and for a decade with 2 El Niño-related droughts. Deforestation fires, as measured by hot pixels, declined exponentially with increasing distance from roads in all areas. Fewer deforestation fires occurred within protected areas than outside and the difference between protected and unprotected areas was greatest near roads. Thus, reserves were especially effective at preventing these fires where they are known to be most likely to burn; but they did not provide absolute protection. Even within reserves, at a given distance from roads, there were more deforestation fires in regions with high human impact than in those with low impact. The effect of El Niño on deforestation fires was greatest outside of reserves and near roads. Indigenous reserves, limited-use reserves, and fully protected reserves all had fewer fires than outside areas and did not appear to differ in their effectiveness.Conclusions/SignificanceTaking time, regional factors, and climate into account, our results show that reserves are an effective tool for curbing destructive burning in the Amazon.

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“…We did not obtain data on rubber-tapping, which was still an important economic activity more than 10 years later (Ruiz-Pérez, 2005). Although tobacco was an important item at the Juruá river during our study, it was not listed as relevant in 2005 (Ruiz-Pérez, 2005). Tobacco may either have lost its relevance over time or it is a crop cultivated by specific communities eventually sampled by us, but not in other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Upper Juruá Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazon: past and present†

et al. 2022

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Amazonian livelihoods are largely dependent on rivers, with local protein consumption mainly relying on several species of fish. The UJER (Upper Juruá Extractive Reserve - Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá) is located in the state of Acre, bordering Peru and several indigenous areas. Here we summarize the data we collected in 1993/1994 on the population living along the banks of the Juruá, Tejo, Bagé, Igarapé São João and Breu rivers on crop cultivation, animal husbandry, and use of game and fish resources. We interviewed 133 individuals (94 on the Juruá and Tejo, 16 on Bagé, 16 on Igarapé São João and 7 on Breu rivers). Our results include a comprehensive description on local livelihoods, including the most important fish species for local subsistence considering gender and seasonality, the main husbandry and game species, and the items cultivated on the local agriculture. Whenever more recent information was available in the literature, we compared changes in livelihoods over time in the same region and also with the recent patterns observed in the Lower and in the Middle Juruá River. We hope to provide useful information to understand temporal changes in local livelihoods, which can help adapt and shape the ecological management in the region.

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Conservation and Development in Amazonian Extractive Reserves: The Case of Alto Juruá

Cited by 48 publications

References 155 publications

Line Transect Surveys Underdetect Terrestrial Mammals: Implications for the Sustainability of Subsistence Hunting

Line Transect Surveys Underdetect Terrestrial Mammals: Implications for the Sustainability of Subsistence Hunting

Reserves Protect against Deforestation Fires in the Amazon

The Upper Juruá Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazon: past and present†

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