Conservation and development of human resources through the return migration policy

Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations for the study of return migration policy based on its information support, including regression analysis and authors’ sociological research on return intentions of Ukrainian migrants.
 Methodology / approach. The mathematical tools were used for the assessment of Ukraine’s economical losses, related to migration. With the help of the sociological method (survey) migrants’ intentions and main motives to return were investigated. Stepwise regression model was built for identification of main factors of Ukrainian population’s international migration. Besides, general scientific methods were used in the study, such as: analysis, generalization, systematization, tabular and graphical.
 Results. Analysis showed the lack of statistical and sociological information on international migration (particularly return migration) of Ukrainian population. It substantiates the need for improving the system of information provision of migration policy. The results of the survey of the migrants from the Carpathian region of Ukraine (conducted in 2020) show low level of their readiness to return. According to the answers to the questionnaire, there are two main circumstances that could motivate migrants to return: high level of wages and general improving of economic situation in Ukraine. Due to the regression model it was found that the emigration of the population is influenced by the following factors: average monthly wages, gross regional product per capita, foreign direct investment per economically active person and the share of the population with incomes below the subsistence level. The article provides main benefits and ways of implementation of the return migration policy. Particularly, circular migration is considered as a good way to slow down losses of human resources. It is beneficial for all institutional units of the migration process.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The methodology for the consequences of international migration study is improved. In particular, the formula for determination of migration losses through the calculation of economic activity losses is proposed and calculated for the first time. The theoretical foundation of return migration policy is developed. In particular, the model of return migration process on the individual level is elaborated. The sociological tool for the return migration investigation is developed and tested.
 Practical value / implications. The practical recommendations for the human resources conservation are worked out. The questions for the survey, developed by the authors, could be used in further investigations in this issue. The model of return migration process is useful for developing a comprehensive return migration policy, which could support migrants at all stages of this process: decisions making, movement and reintegration.

International Migration of Human Resources in the Conditions of Social Transformations

“…As a result, to solve problems faced by migrants and employers, networks of recruiting and non-profit organizations were created to address the situation of wage earners (Popescu et al 2018). Most of these public organizations have emphasized the humanitarian aspect of migration, while recruiting organizations interested in profit, together with private entrepreneurs, have facilitated border crossings, provided (sometimes illegal) travel documents, arranged marriages between migrants and citizens of the country of destination, as well as providing loans at high rates (Ryndzak and Bachynska 2022).…”

Priorities for preserving the productive capacity of human potential of Ukraine in the light of the foreign countries’ policies

“…In particular, the works of: A. Dembitska [1], O. Malynovska [2], O. Pozniak [3], O. Savitska [4] made a significant contribution to the formation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of international migration processes and others. The problems of regulation of international migration processes and the study of their influence on domestic realities are devoted to the works of: E. Libanova, O. Pozniak [5][6][7], M. Romanyuk [8], O. Ryndzak et al [9][10], M. U. Sadova, A. Makhoniuk [13] and others.…”