Conservation reliance of a threatened snake on rice agriculture

Halstead, Brian J.; Rose, Jonathan P.; Reyes, Gabriel; Wylie, Glenn D.; Casazza, Michael L.

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00681

Cited by 11 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Quantifying functional relationships between giant gartersnake vital rates and climatic variables, habitat characteristics, and management actions, and incorporating those relationships into IPMs is also an important next step. Because of the loss of >90% of their natural wetland habitats (Huber et al ), giant gartersnakes now largely inhabit created marshes and canals associated with rice agriculture (Halstead et al , Wylie et al ), and survival of adult giant gartersnakes has been linked to the amount of aquatic habitat surrounding an individual's home range (Halstead et al ). Most remaining wetlands used by giant gartersnakes are managed by manipulating the timing and amount of water released (Duffy and Kahara ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic factors affecting population growth in giant gartersnakes

et al. 2019

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Demographic models provide insight into which vital rates and life stages contribute most to population growth. Integral projection models (IPMs) offer flexibility in matching model structure to a species’ demography. For many rare species, data are lacking for key vital rates, and uncertainty might dissuade researchers from attempting to build a demographic model. We present work that highlights how the implications of uncertainties and unknowns can be explored by building and analyzing alternative models. We constructed IPMs for the threatened giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) based on published studies to determine where management efforts could be targeted to have the greatest effect on population persistence and what unknowns remain for future research. Given uncertainty in the survival of snakes during their first year, and in the form of the size‐survival relationship, we modeled a range of scenarios and evaluated where models agree about factors influencing population growth and where discrepancies exist. For most scenarios, the survival of large adult females had the greatest influence on population growth, but the relative importance of juvenile versus adult somatic growth for population growth was dependent on the recruitment probability and the shape of the size‐survival function. More data on temporal variation and covariance among vital rates would improve stochastic models for the giant gartersnake. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of IPMs for studying the demography of reptiles and the value of the model‐building process for formalizing what is known and unknown about the demography of rare species. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic factors affecting population growth in giant gartersnakes

et al. 2019

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“…Mitigation for impacts to endangered species habitat is accomplished using a variety of means including biodiversity offset programs (McKenney andKiesecker 2010, IUCN 2014). Invariably, endangered species habitat falls into one to multiple governmental jurisdictions depending on the size of the geographic range of the focal organism (Beatley 1994). Typically, in the USA through wildlife agency consultation, mitigation is determined on a project-by-project basis or through formalized conservation plans that predetermine required actions (Presley 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A habitat conservation plan (HCP) under Section 10 of the USA federal Endangered Species Act (FESA) is an offset program to allow limited "incidental take" from impacts to a listed species' habitat in exchange for habitat mitigation (National Research Council 1995). A related and complementary program in the state of California is a natural community conservation plan (NCCP), established under the Natural Community Conservation Planning Act (NCCPA 1991;passed in 1991and revised in 2002and 2003, designed to conserve functioning ecosystems as well as species' habitat (National Research Council 1995, Pollak 2001, Hopkins 2004, Presley 2011. NCCPs require additional conservation actions beyond species mitigation that addresses natural communities potentially affected in the plan area and is an important conservation tool for the California Endangered Species Act (CESA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An applicant's incentive for adding an NCCP to an HCP is that all state-level consultation, mitigation, and conservation are predetermined over the permit time period as with the HCP on the federal end. Thus, a combined HCP-NCCP provides permit coverage of large areas for all covered species in https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss3/art13/ lieu of potentially numerous permits over the same area; this also known as "permit streamlining" (Hopkins 2004, Presley 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing range-wide “contribution to recovery” by multiple local governments for a threatened species

Greco¹

2020

E&S

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To recover a threatened or endangered species, numerous local government jurisdictions are usually involved in habitat mitigation and conservation planning actions for evaluating impacts to habitat. In the USA local governments make official land use decisions. A social-ecological case study of multiple counties is presented tabulating the relative "contribution to recovery" by each county for giant garter snake (GGS; Thamnophis gigas), a federally and state-listed threatened California endemic watersnake species that is reliant on rice agriculture. The entire geographic range of the GGS is examined in relation to multiple county boundaries, recovery unit boundaries, federal habitat conservation plan (HCP) coverage, California natural community conservation plan (NCCP) coverage, and piecemeal mitigation (areas lacking formal conservation plans). Results indicate that of the 22 counties that cover the range of the GGS, nine counties have HCPs that cover the species in 38% of the range and of those nine HCPs six have NCCPs covering 14% of the range. Thus, more than half of the range (62%) mitigates for impacts to the GGS in a project-by-project (piecemeal) manner with no HCP, while 24% of the range has a population jeopardy standard covered by HCPs and 14% has a population recovery standard covered by NCCPs. However, four of the nine recovery units are substantially covered by HCP or NCCP conservation plans (~65-81%), while the remaining five units have far less coverage (~1-36%). Ninety-nine percent of all known GGS occurrences were found in Sutter,

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“…This situation has very contrasting impacts on amphibians, with urbanization of landscapes having a strong negative impact on some species [16]. Alternatively, rice paddies function as substitute habitats where species can survive (e.g., Thamnophis gigas [17]), or even thrive: e.g., snakes (Oocatochus rufodorsatus [18]), birds (Rostratula benghalensis [19]), bats [20], aquatic coleopterans [21] and water birds [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for IUCN Red List Conservation Status of the “Dryophytes immaculatus Group” in North East Asia

Borzée

2020

Diversity

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Threat assessment is important to prioritize species conservation projects and planning. The taxonomic resolution regarding the status of the “Dryophytes immaculatus group” and the description of a new species in the Republic of Korea resulted in a shift in ranges and population sizes. Thus, reviewing the IUCN Red List status of the three species from the group: D. immaculatus, D. suweonensis and D. flaviventris and recommending an update is needed. While the three species have similar ecological requirements and are distributed around the Yellow Sea, they are under contrasting anthropological pressure and threats. Here, based on the literature available, I have applied all IUCN Red List criterion and tested the fit of each species in each criteria to recommend listing under the appropriate threat level. This resulted in the recommendation of the following categories: Near Threatened for D. immaculatus, Endangered following the criteria C2a(i)b for D. suweonensis and Critically Endangered following the criteria E for D. flaviventris. All three species are declining, mostly because of landscape changes as a result of human activities, but the differences in range, population dynamics and already extirpated subpopulations result in different threat levels for each species. Dryophytes flaviventris is under the highest threat category mostly because of its limited range segregated into two subpopulations; and several known extirpated subpopulations. Immediate actions for the conservation of this species are required. Dryophytes suweonensis is present in both the Republic of Korea and the Democratic Republic of Korea (DPR Korea) and is under lower ecological pressure in DPR Korea. Dryophytes immaculatus is present in the People’s Republic of China, over a very large range despite a marked decline. I recommend joint efforts for the conservation of these species.

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Conservation reliance of a threatened snake on rice agriculture

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Demographic factors affecting population growth in giant gartersnakes

Demographic factors affecting population growth in giant gartersnakes

Assessing range-wide “contribution to recovery” by multiple local governments for a threatened species

Recommendations for IUCN Red List Conservation Status of the “Dryophytes immaculatus Group” in North East Asia

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Conservation reliance of a threatened snake on rice agriculture

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Demographic factors affecting population growth in giant gartersnakes

Demographic factors affecting population growth in giant gartersnakes

Assessing range-wide &#8220;contribution to recovery&#8221; by multiple local governments for a threatened species

Recommendations for IUCN Red List Conservation Status of the “Dryophytes immaculatus Group” in North East Asia

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Assessing range-wide “contribution to recovery” by multiple local governments for a threatened species