An important role in ensuring sustainable development is assigned to the transport system. This is due to the fact that transport is the most important tool for solving social, economic and technological problems, and its functioning is accompanied by a negative impact on the environment, the occurrence of road accidents, causing harm to health. Planning as the most important management function allows to increase the socio-environmental safety and economic efficiency of the activities of railway transport enterprises, which means improving the quality of work. In the article, the authors compared approaches to strategic planning in the context of the concept of sustainable development of transport companies. The mechanism for the implementation of the ecological strategy of railway transport, which meets the requirements of economic efficiency, environmental safety and social responsibility, is disclosed. A block diagram of planning the socio-economic efficiency of the activities of railway transport enterprises in the system of environmental management is presented.