Considerations on GHG emissions and energy balances of promising aviation biofuel pathways

O’Connell, Adrian; Kousoulidou, Marina; Laura, Lonza; Weindorf, Werner

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.11.033

Cited by 111 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Information on the biochemical and chemical compositions of various biomass feedstocks is presented in Table 1 [23][24][25], noting that the values given are representative of each feedstock type. According to various studies [26][27][28] the use of biofuels in the EU reached 564 PJ in 2012 and is expected to reach about 1216 PJ in 2020, accounting more than 90% of the renewable energy that will be used in transportation. Biodiesel production by feedstock is summarized for the EU, USA and the world in Figure 1 [29,30].…”

Section: Biomass Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

et al. 2019

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The present investigation provides an overview of the current technology related to the green diesel, from the classification and chemistry of the available biomass feedstocks to the possible production technologies and up to the final fuel properties and their effect in modern compression ignition internal combustion engines. Various biomass feedstocks are reviewed paying attention to their specific impact on the production of green diesel. Then, the most prominent production technologies are presented such as the hydro-processing of triglycerides, the upgrading of sugars and starches into C15–C18 saturated hydrocarbons, the upgrading of bio-oil derived by the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials and the “Biomass-to-Liquid” (BTL) technology which combines the production of syngas (H2 and CO) from the gasification of biomass with the production of synthetic green diesel through the Fischer-Tropsch process. For each of these technologies the involved chemistry is discussed and the necessary operation conditions for the maximum production yield and the best possible fuel properties are reviewed. Also, the relevant research for appropriate catalysts and catalyst supports is briefly presented. The fuel properties of green diesel are then discussed in comparison to the European and US Standards, to petroleum diesel and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and, finally their effect on the compression ignition engines are analyzed. The analysis concludes that green diesel is an excellent fuel for combustion engines with remarkable properties and significantly lower emissions.

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Section: Biomass Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

et al. 2019

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“…13 In the previous sense, more intense research efforts are needed to investigate the long-term effects of aircraft cabin quality on human health in frequent exposures. The development of alternative aircraft fuels 14 or introduction of hybrid-electric, or fully electrified propulsions of aircrafts, 15 could be the possible strategies to minimize the harmful impacts of aircrafts to the environment. Finally, the goal is to secure low emission combustion technologies in aviation 16 and intense research efforts are being directed in that sense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of coronavirus ( COVID ‐19) pandemic on air transport mobility, energy, and environment: A case study

Nižetić

2020

Int J Energy Res

176

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Summary The recent pandemic caused by COVID‐19 has globally affected air transport mobility as well as the airline industry in general. Numerous restrictions have been implemented in airline transport, which is potentially leading toward severe long‐term impacts on the global airline industry. In this paper, air transport mobility was analyzed regarding Europe (EU) based on the available data from the relevant sources associated with the airline industry. Data were analyzed in specific periods from January to April of 2020, which corresponded with the initialization of the pandemic in the EU and later in its full development. Specifically, two airports were selected in Croatia as case studies to analyze the impact of COVID‐19 more thoroughly on mobility together with the estimation of carbon footprint during the pandemic and the year before the pandemic state. The results revealed that COVID‐19 gradually affected air transport mobility in the EU where a peak was reached in April with a reduction in the number of flights in the EU region reaching more than 89%. Cargo traffic was not significantly affected by the pandemic, and was even increased in some cases due to the supply of medical equipment in the fight against the disease. The analyzed case study revealed the reduction in air transport mobility for selected airports to be more than 96%, which directly affected the reduction of CO2 emissions to factor 1.81 for the commercial airport of Zagreb and 3.49 for the seasonal airport of Split. A normalization of air transport mobility is expected to be reached through a 1‐year period with a continued reduction in the number of flights ranging from 15% to 25%, based on the projections and expectations from relevant EU associations.

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“…The three main types of energy input are the energy use for cultivation, transportation and bioethanol conversion. The energy requirements of the first generation ethanol production are in the range of 0.9 to 1.7 MJ in/ MJ ethanol 38 . For hydrotreated vegetable oil, the energy requirements range from 0.6 to 2.5 MJ in/MJ fuel out 38 .…”

Section: First Generation Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy requirements of the first generation ethanol production are in the range of 0.9 to 1.7 MJ in/ MJ ethanol 38 . For hydrotreated vegetable oil, the energy requirements range from 0.6 to 2.5 MJ in/MJ fuel out 38 . The production of 1 L of corn ethanol requires approximately 15 MJ of energy input, whereby 36% of the energy input is used for corn milling and 63% is used for distillation and dehydration 32 .…”

Section: First Generation Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of the four generations of biofuels – A review

et al. 2020

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Biofuel has emerged as an alternative source of energy to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and combat global warming. Biofuels are classified into first, second, third and fourth generations. Each of the biofuel generations aims to meet the global energy demand while minimizing environmental impacts. Sustainability is defined as meeting the needs of the current generations without jeopardizing the needs of future generations. The aim of sustainability is to ensure continuous growth of the economy while protecting the environment and societal needs. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate the sustainability of these four generations of biofuels. The objectives are to compare the production of biofuel, the net greenhouse gases emissions, and energy efficiency. This study is important in providing information for the policymakers and researchers in the decision-making for the future development of green energy. Each of the biofuel generations shows different benefits and drawbacks. From this study, we conclude that the first generation biofuel has the highest biofuel production and energy efficiency, but is less effective in meeting the goal of reducing the greenhouse gases emission. The third generation biofuel shows the lowest net greenhouse gases emissions, allowing the reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, the energy required for the processing of the third generation biofuel is higher and, this makes it less environmentally friendly as fossil fuels are used to generate electricity. The third and fourth generation feedstocks are the potential sustainable source for the future production of biofuel. However, more studies need to be done to find an alternative low cost for biofuel production while increasing energy efficiency.

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Considerations on GHG emissions and energy balances of promising aviation biofuel pathways

Cited by 111 publications

References 15 publications

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

Impact of coronavirus ( COVID ‐19) pandemic on air transport mobility, energy, and environment: A case study

Sustainability of the four generations of biofuels – A review

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