Consolidation of continuous-carbon-fiber-reinforced PAEK composites: a review

Arquier, R.; Iliopoulos, Ilias; Régnier, Gilles; Miquelard-Garnier, G.

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104036

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…In fact, during the solidification stage, the resin flows above its melting temperature, resulting in the rearrangement of fibers. [10,54] Since the fibers' orientation in the composites significantly affects both the mechanical and thermal properties of the materials, the rearrangement of fibers should be taken into account in the numerical modeling of the hot stamping process, where high precision is required to predict the distortion of the molded part during the cooling stage. Second, composites are assumed to remain undamaged during the hot stamping process in this work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual‐scale three‐dimensional thermo‐viscoelastic model for the hot stamping simulation of thermoplastic composites

et al. 2022

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Existing hot stamping simulations are performed at the macroscopic scale, making optimizing process parameters for a new composite system time‐consuming. This paper develops a dual‐scale three‐dimensional thermos‐viscoelastic model based on a numerical homogenization approach to accurately predict the structural deformation of thermoplastic composite laminates during hot stamping. The viscoelastic homogenization model is developed on representative volume elements using temperature‐dependent viscoelastic parameters determined from thermo‐mechanical tests. The effective properties of the composites are identified from the homogenization results, which are then combined with the experimentally measured thermal behavior into a numerical model of the hot stamping process. The developed model is validated by the agreement between the finite element homogenization results and the predictions made using the determined parameters. The simulated warpage of the molded part also agrees well with the experimental measurements. The developed dual‐scale model can be used to predict the effective thermomechanical properties of composites. Moreover, it can also be integrated into numerical tools for structural design and process optimization of thermoplastic composites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual‐scale three‐dimensional thermo‐viscoelastic model for the hot stamping simulation of thermoplastic composites

et al. 2022

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“…High-performance thermoplastic composites, that is, thermoplastics reinforced by a high volume fraction ($ 60 vol%) of continuous CF, gain interest over more well-known thermoset-based ones especially for aerospace applications because of their possibility to be welded or recycled. [1][2][3] Among other thermoplastics commonly used in the aerospace industry, glassy polyetherimide (PEI), and polyethersulfide (PES) or semi-crystalline polyphenilsulfide (PES), 4 polyaryletherketones (PAEK) are natural candidates for structural applications due to the wide temperature range at which they can be used, their (relative) ease of processability, high chemical, thermomechanical and oxidative resistance as well as good impact properties. 3,5,6 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), whose structure consists in the repetition of two ether groups and one ketone has been the most studied and used PAEK so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Among other thermoplastics commonly used in the aerospace industry, glassy polyetherimide (PEI), and polyethersulfide (PES) or semi-crystalline polyphenilsulfide (PES), 4 polyaryletherketones (PAEK) are natural candidates for structural applications due to the wide temperature range at which they can be used, their (relative) ease of processability, high chemical, thermomechanical and oxidative resistance as well as good impact properties. 3,5,6 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), whose structure consists in the repetition of two ether groups and one ketone has been the most studied and used PAEK so far. 3,7 The presence of ether groups leads to lower melting temperature (hence make them easier to process than other polymers of the same family, such as polyetherketone (PEK)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the inter‐ply microstructure in the consolidation quality of high‐performance thermoplastic composites

Arquier,

Sabatier,

Iliopoulos

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Consolidation of Carbon Fiber (CF)/high‐performance thermoplastic composites is much less understood than the one of their thermoset counterparts. It is usually assumed that the consolidation quality is directly linked to the removal of voids within the sample during consolidation, leading to mechanical properties suitable for aerospace applications. A systematic study of the temporal evolution of CF/polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) samples' microstructure consolidated under low pressure in a rheometer is related to the increase in inter‐laminar shear strength. The results show that despite similar void contents well‐below 1 vol%, samples can present significant differences in ILSS values, from 80 to 95 MPa for cross‐ply samples, and from 98 to 112 MPa for unidirectional (UD) ones. A microstructural analysis shows that, for these materials, consolidation quality is rather related to a reorganization of the inter‐ply, a resin‐rich (~70 vol%) region of typical thickness 10 μm which is slowly repopulated in fibers during consolidation.Highlights Microstructure of CF/PEKK composites is characterized over consolidation time Contrary to thermosets void content cannot be used to predict mechanical properties ILSS increase over consolidation time is related to inter‐ply reorganization Inter‐ply microstructure and ILSS have a direct correlation The repopulation in fibers of the resin‐rich inter‐ply is a slow process

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“…The presence of water in the polymer matrix can affect the mechanical properties of the composite parts. , Indeed, during its use, the composite’s behavior can be affected by the presence of water because of the plasticization of the matrix . Moreover, during the manufacturing of the composite parts, when the processing temperature exceeds T g , the water contained in the matrix goes to the gaseous state, which can induce porosity as well as debonding at the interface between the carbon fibers and the polymer matrix. − For these reasons, the quantity of absorbed water and the water transport mechanism in polymer matrices should be assessed as a function of exposure conditions. This assessment should provide diffusivity and solubility parameters of water to simulate these processes into the polymer matrix of industrial parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Characterization of Water Transport Properties in Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK)

Lesimple

Iliopoulos

Marijon

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is of increasing interest for the manufacture of composites in the aeronautical field. It is essential to evaluate the PEKK absorption of fluids, especially water, with which it may come into contact during its processing and use. In this work, we provide for the first time water transport parameters such as water diffusivity and solubility for PEKK in amorphous and semicrystalline states using water immersion as well as dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) experiments. Water diffusion is modeled using Fick’s second law with variable boundary conditions, taking into account possible relative humidity variation during the DVS experiments. Based on similar characterizations of PEEK, we discuss the fact that PEKK absorbs more water than PEEK in terms of polarity.

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Consolidation of continuous-carbon-fiber-reinforced PAEK composites: a review

Cited by 22 publications

References 136 publications

A dual‐scale three‐dimensional thermo‐viscoelastic model for the hot stamping simulation of thermoplastic composites

A dual‐scale three‐dimensional thermo‐viscoelastic model for the hot stamping simulation of thermoplastic composites

Role of the inter‐ply microstructure in the consolidation quality of high‐performance thermoplastic composites

Full Characterization of Water Transport Properties in Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK)

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