Construction and application of an amperometric xanthine biosensor based on zinc oxide nanoparticles–polypyrrole composite film

Electrochemical biosensor based on gold coated iron nanoparticles/chitosan composite bound xanthine oxidase for detection of xanthine in fish meat

“…The biosensing method has many advantages over these routine techniques in terms of fast response, simplicity, sensitivity and cost of determination (Shah, 1996). Various electrochemical methods have been proposed for xanthine analysis (Rehak et al, 1994;Shah, 1996;Pei and Li, 2000;Devi et al, 2011a). However, these electrochemical biosensors also had some problems like lack of stability, sensitivity, reusability, low reproducibility, slow electron transfer and leaking of enzyme due to non covalent immobilization, which are still to be improved.…”

Development of an amperometric sulfite biosensor based on SOx/PBNPs/PPY modified ITO electrode

“…On immobilization of SO x , the globular structural of PBNPs/PPY changed into the regular form (Fig. 5c), due to the electrostatic interaction of PBNPs/PPY with SO x [37] 3.4. FTIR spectra …”

Highly selective detection of cellular guanine and xanthine by polyoxometalate modified 3D graphene foam

“…However, the overlapped signals of Gua and Xan impede the electrochemical detection of them by non-enzymatic biosensors. Over the past few years, various electrochemical Xan biosensors were limited as xanthine oxidase based sensors [88][89][90][91]. These oxidase based biosensors have some common drawbacks such as high price, poor stability, reusability, slow electron transfer, and complexity of immobilization.…”