Construction of nanomaterials as contrast agents or probes for glioma imaging

Abstract

Malignant glioma remains incurable largely due to the aggressive and infiltrative nature, as well as the existence of blood–brain-barrier (BBB). Precise diagnosis of glioma, which aims to accurately delineate the tumor boundary for guiding surgical resection and provide reliable feedback of the therapeutic outcomes, is the critical step for successful treatment. Numerous imaging modalities have been developed for the efficient diagnosis of tumors from structural or functional aspects. However, the presence of BBB largely hampers the entrance of contrast agents (Cas) or probes into the brain, rendering the imaging performance highly compromised. The development of nanomaterials provides promising strategies for constructing nano-sized Cas or probes for accurate imaging of glioma owing to the BBB crossing ability and other unique advantages of nanomaterials, such as high loading capacity and stimuli-responsive properties. In this review, the recent progress of nanomaterials applied in single modal imaging modality and multimodal imaging for a comprehensive diagnosis is thoroughly summarized. Finally, the prospects and challenges are offered with the hope for its better development.

Review on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Materials: Bioimaging, Biosensing, Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, Antimicrobial, and Agro-Food Applications

“…HNF3 plasmid DNA (pDNA) was efficiently transported by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-tagged MSNs as a differentiating agent for iPSCs. The indoctrination procedure was simultaneously observed due to their self-monitoring capacity [ 72 ].…”

Recent Advancements in the Nanomaterial Application in Concrete and Its Ecological Impact

“…Specific consideration must be given to the probability of penetration of water within the building matrices with the utilization of nanomaterials [120][121][122][123][124][125]. The clay-based nanomaterials are hydrophilic, and hence special care must be taken for controlling the water necessities in the clay-cement composite.…”

Functionalized Nanomaterials as Tailored Theranostic Agents in Brain Imaging

“…Hence, molecular engineers and nanotechnologists are trying to improve the existing nanomaterials contrast in disease detections in several human diseases, including neurological disorders [ 90 ]. Furthermore, various research groups work towards brain targeting and imaging with multifunctional nanomaterials strategies for suitable optical and MR-imaging modalities [ 24 , 91 , 92 ]. In practice, the multimodal targeting of tumors in the brains or the microenvironments could reach via engineered nanomaterials to enhance their theranostic functions ( Table 1 ).…”

“…Gold nanoparticles with various surface modifications using imaging probes/candidates have allowed X-ray contrast imaging in disease diagnosis, including cancer. These innovative strategies might be applicable to detect tiny tumors in multiple organs, including the brain, for glioma, when they are a few-millimeter in size in vivo [ 23 , 24 ]. In addition, the enzyme-modified functional gold nanoparticles systems were applied to make nanoparticles with the property of self-assembly and disassembly in vivo at the delivered target sites [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”