Review on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Materials: Bioimaging, Biosensing, Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, Antimicrobial, and Agro-Food Applications

Abstract

In the last few decades, the vast potential of nanomaterials for biomedical and healthcare applications has been extensively investigated. Several case studies demonstrated that nanomaterials can offer solutions to the current challenges of raw materials in the biomedical and healthcare fields. This review describes the different nanoparticles and nanostructured material synthesis approaches and presents some emerging biomedical, healthcare, and agro-food applications. This review focuses on various nanomaterial types (e.g., spherical, nanorods, nanotubes, nanosheets, nanofibers, core-shell, and mesoporous) that can be synthesized from different raw materials and their emerging applications in bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, antimicrobial, and agro-foods. Depending on their morphology (e.g., size, aspect ratio, geometry, porosity), nanomaterials can be used as formulation modifiers, moisturizers, nanofillers, additives, membranes, and films. As toxicological assessment depends on sizes and morphologies, stringent regulation is needed from the testing of efficient nanomaterials dosages. The challenges and perspectives for an industrial breakthrough of nanomaterials are related to the optimization of production and processing conditions.

Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Treatment Based on Nanomaterials

“…In recent years, new methods based on nanomaterials have shown great promise in anticancer treatment [7]. Many nanomaterials have been proposed and are under investigation in cancer therapy, and they include polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, mesoporous inorganic nanoparticles, metal oxides, noble materials, and carbon nanomaterials [8]. Most of the nanoparticles were designed as carriers in drug delivery systems [9] or for use in external stimuli-based systems, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), [10] photothermal (PTT) [11,12] and magnetic therapy [13].…”

Polysaccharides and Metal Nanoparticles for Functional Textiles: A Review

“…Successful synthesis and stabilization of MNPs using these biological macromolecules was achieved in several works by the coordination bonds between the metal salts and functional groups of polysaccharides [ 46 , 72 , 86 , 88 , 105 , 115 , 134 ]. Poor MNP adhesion in textiles is an important challenge for the textile industry, as it results in excessive leaching during washing and disposal, which should be considered prior to their application [ 169 ]. Adhesion may be hindered by the absence of covalent bonds between MNPs and the textile substrate as a result of leaching during washing, ironing, or rubbing or due to body sweat [ 169 ].…”

“…Poor MNP adhesion in textiles is an important challenge for the textile industry, as it results in excessive leaching during washing and disposal, which should be considered prior to their application [ 169 ]. Adhesion may be hindered by the absence of covalent bonds between MNPs and the textile substrate as a result of leaching during washing, ironing, or rubbing or due to body sweat [ 169 ]. In this context, several strategies have been reported to enhance adhesion between MNPs and textile substrates using polysaccharides, as well as the controlled release of MNPs or ions.…”

Current Scenario of Pathogen Detection Techniques in Agro-Food Sector

“…Biosensing approaches (such as colorimetric, fluorescent, electrochemical, and others) require a small sample volume, thereby decreasing the experimental setup, analytical time, and expenses [ 114 , 115 , 116 ]. The immobilization of target pathogens on the surface of the bioreceptor can be strengthened by nanomaterials [ 117 , 118 ]. Nanomaterials in biosensors not only enhance sensitivity and selectivity but also reduce the risk of cross-contamination for the quick detection of pathogens [ 119 ].…”