Consumption of a Diet Rich in Cottonseed Oil (CSO) Lowers Total and LDL Cholesterol in Normo-Cholesterolemic Subjects

Abstract

Animal data indicates that dietary cottonseed oil (CSO) may lower cholesterol; however, the effects of a CSO-rich diet have not been evaluated in humans. Thirty-eight healthy adults (aged 18%#x2013;40; 12 males, 26 females) consumed a CSO rich diet (95 g CSO daily) for one week. Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and blood was drawn pre- and post-intervention. Serum lipids (total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA)) were assayed. There was no change in weight or waist circumference among participants. There was no change in HDL (Pre: 1.27 ± 0.4 mmol/L; Post: 1.21 ± 0.3 mmol/L) or TG (Pre: 0.91 ± 0.6 mmol/L; Post: 1.06 ± 1.0 mmol/L). Total cholesterol and LDL were reduced (TC Pre: 4.39 ± 0.9 mmol/L; Post: 4.16 ± 0.8 mmol/L; LDL Pre: 2.70 ± 0.8 mmol/L; Post: 2.47 ± 0.6 mmol/L). When data were grouped by sex, total cholesterol was reduced in female participants (Pre: 4.34 ± 0.9 mmol/L; Post: 4.09 ± 0.8 mmol/L). Consumption of a high fat, CSO-rich diet for one week reduced total cholesterol in female participants without reducing HDL.

Refined cottonseed oil as a replacement for soybean oil in broiler diet

“…Given the comparatively high SFA and lower UFA profile of CSO, an atherogenic consequence may be expected with increased consumption of this oil. However, CSO has a lowering effect on CHO as demonstrated by previous studies (Davis, Prasad, & Imrhan, 2012;Radcliffe & Czajka-Narins, 2006). In agreement with previous reports, we found that birds fed 100% CSO had lower CHO than the control broilers.…”

Blood Lipid Responses to Diets Enriched with Cottonseed Oil Compared with Olive Oil in Adults with High Cholesterol in a Randomized Trial

“…Additionally, CSO improves glucose tolerance and hepatic lipid accumulation compared to safflower oil in mice ( 13 ). This evidence is limited, as there are no human studies comparing CSO to other high-PUFA foods or diets; however, 2 previous studies in humans, both 1 week in duration in healthy, young adults, showed similar lipid-lowering effects to what we have observed presently with CSO consumption ( 11 , 12 ). These combined data from multiple studies show that CSO, rich in ω-6 PUFAs, has a consistent effect of improving blood lipids and appears to be more effective than other high-PUFA food sources.…”

“…This mechanism remains to be confirmed in humans. The effects of CSO may also be a result of other components of its nonsaponifiable portion, including tocopherols and beta-sitosterol ( 12 , 57 ), as both may modify blood lipid control by modifying expression of regulatory proteins in the metabolism of cholesterol. Lastly, it is important to recognize that CSO as a whole may be required to exert the observed changes in the blood lipid metabolism rather than a singled-out nutrient.…”

“…Cottonseed oil (CSO) is a rich dietary source of PUFAs, especially the omega-6 (ω-6) PUFA linoleic acid (18:2n–6), which has been in the food supply and consumed by Americans for over 100 years. Previous studies have shown that CSO-rich diets can improve cholesterol profiles in healthy, young adults ( 11 , 12 ). In addition to a high PUFA content, CSO contains a cyclopropyl fatty acid, dihydrosterulic acid (DHSA), a known inhibitor of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) ( 13 ).…”

Physicochemical features, functional characteristics, and health benefits of cottonseed oil: a review

“…furthermore, feeding of a high fat, CSO-rich diet for one week lowered total cholesterol (TC) in tested female contributors deprived of decreasing HDL level. (Davis et al, 2012). It has been investigated that hypercholesterolemia mainly rises in LDL-cholesterol level that obviously linked with increased hazard for on quality of product and subsequently on human health.…”