Consumption of Whole-Grain Cereals during Weight Loss: Effects on Dietary Quality, Dietary Fiber, Magnesium, Vitamin B-6, and Obesity

Melanson, Kathleen J.; Angelopoulos, Theodore J.; Nguyen, Von; Martini, Margaret C.; Zukley, Linda; Lowndes, Joshua; Dube, Thomas J.; Fiutem, Justin J.; Yount, Byron W.; Rippe, James M.

doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.06.003

Cited by 86 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Indeed, an association has been reported between vitamin B 6 status and cereal consumption. [33][34][35] This agrees with the better vitamin B 6 status seen in the present diet C subjects; although vitamin B 6 intake increased with both diets, the values of the indicator variables were all higher in the C subjects ( Table 4). As PLP is a coenzyme required by transaminases that take part in protein metabolism (in the synthesis of essential amino acids and the catabolism of most amino acids), protein intake conditions vitamin B 6 requirements.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…31 Several studies report that breakfast cereals are nutrient dense and make a substantial contribution to the intake of B vitamins for the accompanying energy provided. 4,[32][33][34][35] Thus, those who consume large amounts of breakfast cereals may have a better status with respect to several vitamins. Indeed, an association has been reported between vitamin B 6 status and cereal consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin B6 status improves in overweight/obese women following a hypocaloric diet rich in breakfast cereals, and may help in maintaining fat-free mass

et al. 2008

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Objective: To analyze the changes in vitamin B 6 status in women following slightly hypocaloric diets based on the relative increase consumption of foods whose intakes are below those recommended, and to study how these changes influence the proportion of fat-free mass. Design: Intervention study of two slightly hypocaloric diets: diet V (increased consumption of vegetables), or diet C (increased consumption of cereals, especially breakfast cereals). Subjects: A total of 49 women with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-35 kg/m 2 . Measurements: Dietetic, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the start of the study and at 2 and 6 weeks. Results: Both the C and V subjects showed a reduction in their energy intake, body weight, BMI and fat mass. Pyridoxine intake increased in both groups and plasma pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) levels increased only with diet C. An association was found between the increase in plasma PLP at 6 weeks and the increase in pyridoxine intake (r ¼ 0.451; Po0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed a positive association between the increase in PLP at the end of the study and the increases in the pyridoxine intake, B 6 density or B 6 /protein ratio. At the end of the study, and only in those women whose PLP levels were increased, the higher the increase in PLP level, the higher the increase in fat-free mass percentage (r ¼ 0.4426, Po0.05) Conclusions: Interventions aimed at weight control should also try to maintain or improve nutritional status. A diet rich in cereals (especially fortified breakfast cereals) appears to be useful in improving vitamin B 6 status. Such an improvement could help maintain fat-free mass during periods of weight loss.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin B6 status improves in overweight/obese women following a hypocaloric diet rich in breakfast cereals, and may help in maintaining fat-free mass

et al. 2008

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“…First, although a 3-day food diary has frequently been used to study nutrient intake in older adults (Melanson et al, 2006), and similar assessments have been validated (e.g. Luhrmann et al, 1999), it is more subjective and prone to error than other more objective measures (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greater intake of vitamins B6 and B12 spares gray matter in healthy elderly: A voxel-based morphometry study

et al. 2008

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Previous studies have reported that high concentrations of homocysteine and lower concentrations of vitamin B6, B12, and folate increase the risk for cognitive decline and pathology in aging populations. In this cross-sectional study, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and a 3-day food diary were collected on 32 community-dwelling adults between the ages of 59 and 79. We examined the relation between vitamin B6, B12, and folate intake on cortical volume using an optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method and global gray and white matter volume after correcting for age, sex, body mass index, calorie intake, and education. All participants met or surpassed the recommended daily intake for these vitamins. In the VBM analysis, we found that adults with greater vitamin B6 intake had greater gray matter volume along the medial wall, anterior cingulate cortex, medial parietal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus, whereas people with greater B12 intake had greater volume in the left and right superior parietal sulcus. These effects were driven by vitamin supplementation and were negated when only examining vitamin intake from diet. Folate had no effect on brain volume. Furthermore, there was no relationship between vitamin B6, B12, or folate intake on global brain volume measures, indicating that VBM methods are more sensitive for detecting localized differences in gray matter volume than global measures. These results are discussed in relation to a growing literature on vitamin intake on agerelated neurocognitive deterioration.

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“…There is growing evidence to indicate dietary fibre and other NDC may have a role in BW regulation, with a number of studies suggesting the intake of dietary fibre and/or wholegrains are inversely associated with BW and/or BMI (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . Dietary fibre and other NDC may therefore potentially have a role in the prevention and treatment of obesity.…”

Section: Colonic Delivery Of Scfa To Investigate Appetite Effects Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need for strategies to prevent the rise in obesity is therefore becoming increasingly urgent. One strategy is to identify and develop foods that enhance satiety, thereby reducing subsequent energy intake (EI) (2,3) .SCFA have been suggested to have satiety-enhancing properties, with some researchers suggesting SCFA may explain the inverse association between dietary fibre intake and BW found in some observational studies (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . This review considers the evidence for SCFA having a role in appetite regulation, starting first with the description of SCFA, followed by a discussion of the SCFA-activated receptors FFA receptor 2 (FFA2) and FFA receptor 3 (FFA3), which provide a rationale that SCFA may have a role in energy homeostasis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do SCFA have a role in appetite regulation?

2011

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The recently discovered SCFA-activated G-coupled protein receptors FFA receptor 2 and FFA receptor 3 are co-localised in L-cells with the anorexigenic 'ileal brake' gut hormone peptide YY, and also in adipocytes, with activation stimulating leptin release. Thus, SCFA such as acetate and propionate show promise as a candidate to increase satiety-enhancing properties of food. We therefore postulate SCFA may have a role in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. SCFA can be delivered either directly within food, or indirectly via the colon by the provision of fermentable non-digestible carbohydrates. A review of studies investigating the effects of oral SCFA ingestion on appetite suggests that while oral SCFA ingestion is associated with enhanced satiety, this may be explained by product palatability rather than a physiological effect of SCFA. Colon-derived SCFA generated during microfloral fermentation have also been suggested to explain satiety-enhancing properties of non-digestible carbohydrates. However, findings are mixed from investigations into the effects of the prebiotic inulintype fructans on appetite. Overall, data presented in this review do not support a role for SCFA in appetite regulation.Acetate: Propionate: Acetic acid: Propionic acid: SCFA: Inulin: Oligofructose: Satiety Human subjects are living in an increasingly 'obesogenic' environment with easily accessed, energy dense foods and sedentary lifestyles. These 'obesogenic' factors can override homeostatic systems resulting in a gradual increase in the population body weight (BW) (1) . The need for strategies to prevent the rise in obesity is therefore becoming increasingly urgent. One strategy is to identify and develop foods that enhance satiety, thereby reducing subsequent energy intake (EI) (2,3) .SCFA have been suggested to have satiety-enhancing properties, with some researchers suggesting SCFA may explain the inverse association between dietary fibre intake and BW found in some observational studies (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . This review considers the evidence for SCFA having a role in appetite regulation, starting first with the description of SCFA, followed by a discussion of the SCFA-activated receptors FFA receptor 2 (FFA2) and FFA receptor 3 (FFA3), which provide a rationale that SCFA may have a role in energy homeostasis. Finally, studies that have investigated the effects of orally and colonically delivered SCFA on appetite are reviewed. SCFASCFA are organic fatty acids generated in the colon when non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) such as dietary fibre, resistant starch and inulin resist digestion and absorption in the small intestine, instead proceeding to the colon to undergo bacterial fermentation. The SCFA formed comprise between one and seven carbon units, with acetate (two carbon units) being the most predominant anion in the colon, followed by propionate (three carbon units) and then Abbreviations: AUC, area under curve; BW, body weight; DP, degree of polymerisation; EI, energy intake; GLP-1, glucago...

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Consumption of Whole-Grain Cereals during Weight Loss: Effects on Dietary Quality, Dietary Fiber, Magnesium, Vitamin B-6, and Obesity

Cited by 86 publications

References 53 publications

Vitamin B6 status improves in overweight/obese women following a hypocaloric diet rich in breakfast cereals, and may help in maintaining fat-free mass

Vitamin B6 status improves in overweight/obese women following a hypocaloric diet rich in breakfast cereals, and may help in maintaining fat-free mass

Greater intake of vitamins B6 and B12 spares gray matter in healthy elderly: A voxel-based morphometry study

Do SCFA have a role in appetite regulation?

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