Continued Decline in the Incidence of<i>Campylobacter</i>Infections, FoodNet 1996–2006

Ailes, Elizabeth C.; Demma, Linda J.; Hurd, Sharon; Hatch, Julie; Jones, Timothy F.; Vugia, Duc J.; Cronquist, Alicia; Tobin-D’Angelo, Melissa; Larson, Kirsten L.; Laine, Ellen; Edge, Karen; Zansky, Shelley; Scallan, Elaine

doi:10.1089/fpd.2008.0090

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Campylobacter incidence peaks in late summer in much of the developed world, which may correlate with seasonal variability of the organism's prevalence in chicken flocks or human behavioral changes [1,16]. Gender also affects risk, with men having a higher rate of Campylobacter infection, perhaps due to differences in behaviors that increase exposure opportunities [16,17].…”

Section: Campylobacter Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender also affects risk, with men having a higher rate of Campylobacter infection, perhaps due to differences in behaviors that increase exposure opportunities [16,17]. Campylobacter incidence by age is bimodal, with peaks in children under 5 years and in young adults likely reflecting increased high-risk exposures in those age strata [18].…”

Section: Campylobacter Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Chronic Gastrointestinal Consequences Associated With Campylobacter

Riddle

Gutiérrez

Verdú

et al. 2012

Curr Gastroenterol Rep

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Campylobacteriosis is a leading cause of acute infectious diarrhea in the developing world, where it causes considerable mortality, and in developed countries, where it accounts for significant healthcare and other costs. Evidence has emerged from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological domains that suggests that Campylobacter infection is not limited to acute illness but is also involved in the development of well-described extraintestinal sequelae, such as the Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis, and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic gastrointestinal conditions. This review will focus on the role of Campylobacter infection as a risk factor for the development of chronic gastrointestinal sequelae, such as functional gastrointestinal disorders, with which irritable bowel syndrome has been most frequently associated, inflammatory bowel disease, and celiac disease.

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Section: Campylobacter Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Campylobacter Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chronic Gastrointestinal Consequences Associated With Campylobacter

Riddle

Gutiérrez

Verdú

et al. 2012

Curr Gastroenterol Rep

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“…The true incidence of campylobacteriosis in industrialized countries is uncertain since many unreported infections occur for every diagnosed case. In the United States, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) reported an incidence of culture-confirmed Campylobacter infections in the FoodNet sites of 12.7 per 100,000 persons in 2006 (Ailes et al 2008). These numbers represent a 30% decline compared to the 1996 situation, but the incidence still remains above the national health objective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poultry as a Host for the Zoonotic PathogenCampylobacter jejuni

Hermans

Pasmans²,

Messens³

et al. 2012

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

223

157

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Campylobacteriosis is the most reported foodborne gastroenteritic disease and poses a serious health burden in industrialized countries. Disease in humans is mainly caused by the zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Due to its wide-spread occurrence in the environment, the epidemiology of Campylobacter remains poorly understood. It is generally accepted, however, that chickens are a natural host for Campylobacter jejuni, and for Campylobacter spp. in general, and that colonized broiler chicks are the primary vector for transmitting this pathogen to humans. Several potential sources and vectors for transmitting C. jejuni to broiler flocks have been identified. Initially, one or a few broilers can become colonized at an age of > 2 weeks until the end of rearing, after which the infection will rapidly spread throughout the entire flock. Such a flock is generally colonized until slaughter and infected birds carry a very high C. jejuni load in their gastrointestinal tract, especially the ceca. This eventually results in contaminated carcasses during processing, which can transmit this pathogen to humans. Recent genetic typing studies showed that chicken isolates can frequently be linked to human clinical cases of Campylobacter enteritis. However, despite the increasing evidence that the chicken reservoir is the number one risk factor for disease in humans, no effective strategy exists to reduce Campylobachter prevalence in poultry flocks, which can in part be explained by the incomplete understanding of the epidemiology of C. jejuni in broiler flocks. As a result, the number of human campylobacteriosis cases associated with the chicken vector remains strikingly high.

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“…In support of this observation, the 1996-1998 USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS; http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Sciences/Baseline_Data/index.asp) national microbial baseline detected both Salmonella (18.2%) and Campylobacter (∼90%) on turkey carcasses. Pathogen intervention strategies, such as the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) mandated in 1998, have reduced human morbidity as reflected in CDC FoodNet estimates of an overall 21% decrease in bacterial foodborne illnesses, including shigellosis (43%), listeriosis (32%), campylobacteriosis (30%), and salmonellosis (9%) during the 1996-1999 interval (Ailes et al 2008;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2006;Jones et al 2007;Sandrou et al 1999;Scallan 2007). Since the decline of human salmonellosis lags behind that of other human foodborne infections, in 2007, USDA FSIS, also after noting a high failure rate in performance standards for broilers at slaughter, launched an initiative to aggressively reduce Salmonella in poultry (Naugle et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time of Entry of Salmonella and Campylobacter into the Turkey Brooder House

Wesley

Muraoka

2009

Food Bioprocess Technol

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The prevalence of Campylobacter (>90%) and Salmonella (33%) in turkeys at slaughter has been estimated. This report describes studies to estimate the time of entry of Campylobacter and Salmonella into the brooder house, which is the first stage of commercial turkey production. In trial 1, birds (∼100 per time point) were monitored by conventional culture at three intervals (0, 9, and 16 days of age). Campylobacter spp. were not detected in poults at the day of hatch; Salmonella was isolated from the ceca (3.9%) and yolk sac (0.1%). By day 9, Salmonella were frequently isolated from the ceca (55%) and small intestine (45%) while Campylobacter was not cultured. By day 16, the prevalence of Salmonella in the ceca (21%) and small intestine (5.1%) had declined; Campylobacter was infrequently isolated from either the ceca (2%) or small intestine (3%). In trial 2, poults (50 per time point at 5, 20, and 33 days of age) were monitored for Campylobacter and Salmonella by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Salmonella was also monitored by conventional culture. Whereas Campylobacter was not detected by real-time PCR in the ceca of 5-day-old birds, it was detected on days 20 (92%) and 33 (90%). In contrast, Salmonella was isolated from young birds at days 5 (98%), 20 (98%), and 33 (98%), after which time the turkeys were moved to the finisher house. At slaughter at 138 days, Salmonella prevalence in the ceca had declined (4.5%) in contrast to the prevalence of Campylobacter (92%). Antimicrobial sensitivity profiles of the Salmonella isolates indicated an increase of sulfonamide-resistant isolates throughout the brooder stage. Genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of Salmonella (45 isolates per sampling time) indicated fluctuating populations as the birds matured.

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Continued Decline in the Incidence ofCampylobacterInfections, FoodNet 1996–2006

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

The Chronic Gastrointestinal Consequences Associated With Campylobacter

The Chronic Gastrointestinal Consequences Associated With Campylobacter

Poultry as a Host for the Zoonotic PathogenCampylobacter jejuni

Time of Entry of Salmonella and Campylobacter into the Turkey Brooder House

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