Continuous change in spring-mass characteristics during a 400m sprint

Hobara, Hiroaki; Inoue, Koh; Gomi, Kouki; Sakamoto, Masanori; Muraoka, Tetsuro; Iso, Shigeo; Kanosue, Kazuyuki

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.02.002

Cited by 80 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This finding differs from the abovementioned studies in which this parameter was reported to decrease with time (13,16,20,29). The discrepancy between these results could be explained by the similar decrease in $y and F zmax observed in this study (È10%).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…One of the main results was that leg stiffness decreased with fatigue. This change in spring-mass behavior agrees with previous sprint (20) or long distance (13) investigations. However, in these studies, the reduced leg stiffness was primarily related with the leg compression increase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…fatigue-induced changes in mechanical stiffness were concluded to be mainly due to modifications in the COM vertical displacement rather than changes in the maximal force; furthermore, it appeared that k vert was more affected by the fatigue state than k leg (20,29). Nevertheless, neither severe nor sprint studies imposed a constant pace for the run, although temporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters associated with the spring-mass stiffness had been shown to be directly dependent on the running speed (1,6,27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spring-Mass Behavior during Exhaustive Run at Constant Velocity in Elite Triathletes

Rabita

Slawinski

Girard

et al. 2011

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spring-Mass Behavior during Exhaustive Run at Constant Velocity in Elite Triathletes

Rabita

Slawinski

Girard

et al. 2011

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…It has been notably established that K leg varies little as running velocity increases from slow-to-moderate values, whereas K vert increases approximately quadratically with velocity (Brughelli and Cronin 2008). To date, most of the existing fatigue-related studies have examined changes in leg spring behavior (and related stride temporal parameters) during prolonged (Hunter and Smith 2007) or exhausting (Dutto and Smith 2002) treadmill runs at a constant velocity or induced by intense self-paced field races (e.g., 400 m, Hobara et al 20102,000 m, Slawinski et al 2008 5,000 m, Girard et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in spring-mass model characteristics during repeated running sprints

2010

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This study investigated fatigue-induced changes in spring-mass model characteristics during repeated running sprints. Sixteen active subjects performed 12 × 40 m sprints interspersed with 30 s of passive recovery. Vertical and anterior-posterior ground reaction forces were measured at 5-10 m and 30-35 m and used to determine spring-mass model characteristics. Contact (P < 0.001), flight (P < 0.05) and swing times (P < 0.001) together with braking, push-off and total stride durations (P < 0.001) lengthened across repetitions. Stride frequency (P < 0.001) and push-off forces (P < 0.05) decreased with fatigue, whereas stride length (P = 0.06), braking (P = 0.08) and peak vertical forces (P = 0.17) changes approached significance. Center of mass vertical displacement (P < 0.001) but not leg compression (P > 0.05) increased with time. As a result, vertical stiffness decreased (P < 0.001) from the first to the last repetition, whereas leg stiffness changes across sprint trials were not significant (P > 0.05). Changes in vertical stiffness were correlated (r > 0.7; P < 0.001) with changes in stride frequency. When compared to 5-10 m, most of ground reaction force-related parameters were higher (P < 0.05) at 30-35 m, whereas contact time, stride frequency, vertical and leg stiffness were lower (P < 0.05). Vertical stiffness deteriorates when 40 m run-based sprints are repeated, which alters impact parameters. Maintaining faster stride frequencies through retaining higher vertical stiffness is a prerequisite to improve performance during repeated sprinting.

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“…A number of studies have examined the relationship between limb stiffness and athletic performance (Bret et al 2002;Farley and Gonzalez 1996;Heise and Martin 1998;Hobara et al 2010). The extent of limb stiffness has been shown to be related to the utilization of the stretch-shortening cycle in dynamic movements (Brughelli and Cronin 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Limb and Joint Stiffness during the Fencing Lunge

Sinclair

Bottoms

2015

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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Abstract. The aim of the current investigation was to examine gender differences in limb and joint stiffness characteristics during the fencing lunge. Ten male and ten female fencers completed simulated lunge movements. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an eight camera optoelectric motion capture system which operated at 250 Hz. Measures of limb and joint stiffness were calculated as a function of limb length and joint moments divided by the extent of limb and joint excursion. Gender differences in limb joint stiffness parameters were examined statistically using independent samples t-tests. The results showed firstly that both limb (male = 64.22 ±19.12, female = 75.09 ±22.15 N.kg.m) and hip stiffness (male = 10.50 ±6.00, female = 25.89 ±15.01 Nm.kg.rad) were significantly greater in female fencers. In addition it was also demonstrated that knee moment (male = 1.64 ±0.23, female = 2.00 ±0.75 Nm.kg) was significantly larger in females. On the basis of these observations, the findings from the current investigation may provide further insight into the aetiology of the distinct injury patterns observed between genders in relation to fencing.

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Continuous change in spring-mass characteristics during a 400m sprint

Cited by 80 publications

References 25 publications

Spring-Mass Behavior during Exhaustive Run at Constant Velocity in Elite Triathletes

Spring-Mass Behavior during Exhaustive Run at Constant Velocity in Elite Triathletes

Changes in spring-mass model characteristics during repeated running sprints

Gender Differences in Limb and Joint Stiffness during the Fencing Lunge

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