Continuous High-Altitude Measurements of Cosmic Ray Neutrons and SEU/MCU at Various Locations: Correlation and Analyses Based-On MUSCA SEP$^{3}$

Hubert, G.; Velazco, Raoul; Federico, Claudio Antônio; Cheminet, A.; Silva-Cardenas, Carlos; Caldas, Linda V.E.; Pancher, Fabrice; Lacoste, V.; Palumbo, F.; Mansour, Wassim; Artola, L.; Pineda, Ferdinand; Duzellier, S.

doi:10.1109/tns.2013.2240697

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…QARM tool also predicts that, at 12-km above Toulouse (France), the expected soft error rate is 17400 FIT/MBit. [33], in which soft error rates on the order of 3000 FIT/MBit are observed in 130-nm CMOS memories. However, another work also performed on 130-nm memories, quite similar to the 150-nm technology, helps to solve this contradiction [34].…”

Section: B Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of the Robustness of a COTS Soft-Error Free SRAM to Neutron Radiation

Velazco

Clemente

Hubert

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-Radiation tests with 15-MeV neutrons were performed in a COTS SRAM including a new memory cell design combining SRAM cells and DRAM capacitors to determine if, as claimed, it is soft-error free and to estimate upper bounds for the cross-section. These tests led to cross-section values two orders of magnitude below those of typical CMOS SRAMs in the same technology node. MUSCA SEP3 simulations complement these results predicting that only high-energy neutrons (> 30 MeV) can provoke bit flips in the studied SRAMs. MUSCA SEP3 is also used to investigate the sensitivity of the studied SRAM to radioactive contamination and to compare it with the one of standard CMOS SRAMs. Results are useful to make predictions about the operation of this memory in environments such as avionics.

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Section: B Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of the Robustness of a COTS Soft-Error Free SRAM to Neutron Radiation

Velazco

Clemente

Hubert

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…The precise knowledge of the fluence rates and spectrum of atmospheric cascade particles induced by galactic and solar cosmic rays is of utmost importance for a large field of applications, such as the evaluation of the single-event effects [Peronnard et al, 2009;Lambert et al, 2005Lambert et al, , 2006Hubert et al, 2013], the assessment of radiation risks in avionics/ground applications and the space environment (space weather), and the determination of soil water content [Zreda et al, 2008]. Secondary cosmic radiation produced by the interaction of primary cosmic rays, mainly composed of proton and alpha, with the nuclei of the constituents of the atmosphere, includes mainly neutrons, protons, electrons, positrons, pions, and muons [Hubert et al, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of ground albedo neutrons to investigate seasonal cosmic ray‐induced neutron variations measured at high‐altitude stations

Hubert

Pazianotto

Federico³

2016

JGR Space Physics

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This paper investigates seasonal cosmic ray‐induced neutron variations measured over a long‐term period (from 2011 to 2016) in both the high‐altitude stations located in medium geomagnetic latitude and Antarctica (Pic‐du‐Midi and Concordia, respectively). To reinforce analysis, modeling based on ground albedo neutrons simulations of extensive air showers and the solar modulation potential was performed. Because the local environment is well known and stable over time in Antarctica, data were used to validate the modeling approach. A modeled scene representative to the Pic‐du‐Midi was simulated with GEANT4 for various hydrogen properties (composition, density, and wet level) and snow thickness. The orders of magnitudes of calculated thermal fluence rates are consistent with measurements obtained during summers and winters. These variations are dominant in the thermal domain (i.e., En < 0.5 eV) and lesser degree in epithermal and evaporation domains (i.e., 0.5 eV < En < 0.1 MeV and 0.1 MeV < En < 20 MeV, respectively). Cascade neutron (En > 20 MeV) is weakly impacted. The role of hydrogen content on ground albedo neutron generation was investigated with GEANT4 simulations. These investigations focused to mountain environment; nevertheless, they demonstrate the complexity of the local influences on neutron fluence rates.

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“…In [30], accelerated terrestrial cosmic ray test is carried out for the logic circuits of the IBM POWER6 processor. From recent studies in [31] and [32], the cosmic ray flux and soft-error rate has linear relationship under the terrestrial circumstances. As an example, the cosmic ray flux at the sea level is ∼13 cosmic rays/cm 2 /h, and the soft-error rate is 87 400 failures-in-time.…”

Section: A Comparisons Of Different Approachesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Distributed Sensor Network-on-Chip for Performance Optimization of Soft-Error-Tolerant Multiprocessor System-on-Chip

Liu

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst.

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As transistor density continues to increase with the advent of nanotechnology, reliability issues raised by more frequently appeared soft errors are becoming even more critical to the next-generation multiprocessor systems. In this paper, we present a systematic approach to address the soft-error problem in multiprocessor system-on-chip with the consideration of system performance optimization. To guarantee the system correctness, a hardware-software collaborated approach is proposed to protect the processors from soft errors. Tiny hardware sensors are embedded in the processor cores to detect the soft errors, and the software-based rollback scheduling mechanisms are applied for error recovery. The protection costs on hardware duplication and software redundancy are effectively reduced. To optimize the system performance, a distributed control system is built on top of the on-chip communication network and collaboratively manages the entire chip for application execution. With the cluster-based task migration techniques, an efficient runtime task remapping and rescheduling algorithm is proposed to further mitigate the overheads induced by soft-error protection and to minimize the total performance degradation. The distributed control strategy makes the system more adaptable and flexible to the development of the next-generation hardware and software with larger scales. Extensive performance evaluations using SystemC-based cycleaccurate simulations on a set of real-world applications show that our approach has on average 49% performance improvement and 79.6% energy consumption reduction compared with the related state-of-the-art techniques, and hardware synthesis results show that our approach only introduces 2.9% chip area overheads.

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Continuous High-Altitude Measurements of Cosmic Ray Neutrons and SEU/MCU at Various Locations: Correlation and Analyses Based-On MUSCA SEP$^{3}$

Cited by 42 publications

References 45 publications

Evidence of the Robustness of a COTS Soft-Error Free SRAM to Neutron Radiation

Evidence of the Robustness of a COTS Soft-Error Free SRAM to Neutron Radiation

Modeling of ground albedo neutrons to investigate seasonal cosmic ray‐induced neutron variations measured at high‐altitude stations

Distributed Sensor Network-on-Chip for Performance Optimization of Soft-Error-Tolerant Multiprocessor System-on-Chip

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