Contribution of new varieties to cereal yields in Finland between 1973 and 2003

Öfversten, Jukka; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Kangas, Arjo

doi:10.1017/s0021859604004319

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This was broadly similar to the annual increases reported by other studies such as 0.38 % by Humphreys (1999), 0.4-0.5 % by Easton et al (2002) and 0.4-0.6 % by Wilkins and Humphreys (2003). These rates of increase are significantly lower than in maize (2.6 %/year; Tollenaar 1989) and typically for cereals (1.0-1.5 %/year; Peltonen-Sainio and Karjalainen 1991;Silvey 1986;Ö fversten et al 2004;Caldenrini et al 1995). As reported widely and by Wilkins and Humphreys (2003) this is because grain yield improvements were achieved by repartitioning biomass from the shoot into the grain whereas grass yield improvements require total shoot biomass increases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Genetic gain in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) varieties 1973 to 2013

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) forms the basis of grassland production in temperate pastures and is globally one of the most important forage grasses. Consequently, there has been large plant breeding industry investment over the past 40 years in producing new varieties and independent testing systems designed to identify and list those with the most improved performances. This study was conducted at the Plant Testing Station, Crossnacreevy, Northern Ireland and compared the DM yield and sward density of new varieties submitted from 1973 to 2013 and grass digestibility from 1980 to 2013, under conservation and simulated grazing managements. A variety 9 years matrix was compiled for each parameter and comparable means between varieties never in side by side performance trials were produced. Dry matter yields showed an overall significant (p \ 0.001) average annual increase of 0.52 % under conservation and 0.35 % under simulated grazing, with similar gain levels within maturity groups or ploidies. These rates were not constant over time, and periods of no gain occurred in various variety groupings. Sward density of the examined varieties did not change significantly. Herbage digestibility showed no improvement over the timeframe but had the largest differences between concurrent varieties, indicating that improvements were possible in the future. The study indicated that plant breeding gains were primarily DM yield focused with sward density remaining stagnant over the 40 years, while the lack of grass digestibility improvement appeared to only require more time to overcome. Evidence of benefits and risks of variety testing influences on plant breeding objectives was discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Genetic gain in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) varieties 1973 to 2013

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…015 t/ha per year). Calderini &Slafer (1998) andÖ fversten et al (2004) analysed yield trends in long-term yield datasets for cereals but neither identified explicitly any trend due to changes in the climate. The difference between sugarbeet and wheat in response to climate changes is probably due to the different processes of yield formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If Sirius is used in the mode that takes account of changes in CO 2 concentration, then the simulated increase in grain yield over the whole period was 0·43 t/ha (or 0·015 t/ha per year). Calderini & Slafer (1998) and Öfversten et al (2004) analysed yield trends in long-term yield datasets for cereals but neither identified explicitly any trend due to changes in the climate. The difference between sugarbeet and wheat in response to climate changes is probably due to the different processes of yield formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of climate change on sugarbeet yield in the UK: 1976–2004

Jaggard¹,

Qi²,

Semenov

2007

J. Agric. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SU MMARYSince the 1970s, the delivered sugar yield per hectare has risen at an average annual rate of 0 . 111 t/ha, while the sugar yield in the official variety trials has increased at an average annual rate of 0 . 204 t/ha. These increases are usually considered to be the result of improvements in varieties and in beet agronomy. The present paper considers the possible impact of recent changes in climate on UK sugar yields by using the Broom's Barn Crop Growth Model and daily weather data collected over the last 30 years. Simulations of sugar yield using weather in eastern England since 1976 increased by an average annual rate of 0 . 139 t/ha, which accounted for about two thirds of the rate in the official variety trials. This increase was not an artefact of the accuracy of weather recording but it was, in part, accounted for by the trend to earlier sowing. Although it was not statistically significant, the earlier sowing trend was associated with an increase of 0 . 025 t/ha per year and was an indirect effect of the climate change. The annual deviations from these trends have not tended to become significantly bigger or smaller over the three decades. The model is not variety-specific, so it makes no allowance for variety improvements during the last 30 years. Clearly, varieties have improved so the implication must be that some of the changes in agronomy have tended to decrease the yields significantly. The changes in agronomic practice most likely to be responsible are the extension of the crop processing campaign, leading to greater post-harvest storage losses, and a decrease in the irrigated area.

show abstract

“…Similar differences for wheat were reported from areas differing in growing conditions from those in the Nordic areas (Calderini et al, 1995). The genetic gains in NUE for wheat and oat attributable to plant breeding reflect genetic gains in grain yields for the species (Ortiz et al, 1998; Slafer and Peltonen‐Sainio, 2001; Öfversten et al, 2004). However, Górny (2001) for barley indicated that as the N stress increased, the landraces and old cultivars became superior to modern ones in UTE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding Effects on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Spring Cereals under Northern Conditions

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spring cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are the most important crops in Finnish agricultural systems. The increasing need to reduce pollution from N fertilizer is concomitantly strengthening the importance of improving the understanding of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of these crops. The aim of this work was to study the differences in NUE, defined as the crop's ability to produce yield with one available N unit, among spring cereal cultivars, and to determine the achievements of plant breeding in NUE under northern European growing conditions. Field experiments were conducted in Finland during 2003 and 2004. Samples from matured plants of 17 to 18 cultivars of each of the three cereal species released between 1909 and 2002 were studied. There were no clear differences in NUE among modern spring cultivars. However, there were cultivar differences within species and significant NUE improvements on wheat and particularly for oat across time. There was no clear trend of NUE and year of release of cultivars in two‐row spring barley, probably because breeding for malting barley involves consistent selection for low‐protein cultivars. The study revealed that most breeding effects on NUE were associated with changes in nitrogen uptake efficiency (UPE).

show abstract

Contribution of new varieties to cereal yields in Finland between 1973 and 2003

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Genetic gain in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) varieties 1973 to 2013

Genetic gain in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) varieties 1973 to 2013

The impact of climate change on sugarbeet yield in the UK: 1976–2004

Breeding Effects on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Spring Cereals under Northern Conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About