Control of composition gradient in a metal-ceramic functionally graded material manufactured by the centrifugal method

Watanabe, Yoshihiko; Yamanaka, Noboru; Fukui, Yasuyoshi

doi:10.1016/s1359-835x(97)00121-8

Cited by 167 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Generally, the segregation, caused by the density-difference between particles and molten metal, must be avoided. However, it is possible to create a compositional gradient due to the difference in material density (Fukui, 1991, Watanabe et al, 1998. Figure 4 shows the apparatus used for the centrifugal method.…”

Section: Centrifugal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After casting, the mould-preheating furnace is removed and the mould is cooled until complete solidification occurs. The composition gradient formed by the centrifugal method is affected by the difference in density between particles and a molten metal, the applied G number, the particle size, the viscosity of the melt, the mean volume fraction of particles, the thickness of manufactured ring and the solidification time (Watanabe et al, 1998). It is obvious that both density and viscosity are the materials' constants and both the volume fraction and thickness are the constants of products.…”

Section: Centrifugal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 (a), a centrifugal force applied to a homogeneous molten metal, dispersed with ceramics particles or intermetallic compound particles, drives the formation of the desired gradation. The composition gradient is then achieved primarily by the difference in the centrifugal force produced by the difference in density between the molten metal and solid particles (Fukui, 1991, Watanabe et al, 1998. It is known that the motion of particles in a viscous liquid under a centrifugal force obeys the Stokes' law (Kang & Rohatgi, 1996, Watanabe et al, 1998, Ogawa et al, 2006 force to the gravity), gravitational acceleration, particle diameter and viscosity of the molten metal, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials under a Centrifugal Force

Watanabe¹,

Sato²

2011

Nanocomposites With Unique Properties and Applications in Medicine and Industry

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Section: Centrifugal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Centrifugal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials under a Centrifugal Force

Watanabe¹,

Sato²

2011

Nanocomposites With Unique Properties and Applications in Medicine and Industry

Self Cite

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“…Watanabe, et al (8) proposed rather a simplified analytical solution of an equation similar to Eq. (3).…”

Section: Approximate Solution Under Limited Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some papers reported approximate solutions to simulate the movement of solid particles dispersed in a viscous matrix in liquid form during the centrifugal cast of FGM (8) from metal/ceramic composition. However, there are some difficulties to employ these solutions in order to simulate our procedure of fabricating FGMs because they ignored some parameters and phenomena that have significant influence on the properties of FGM in our cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Functionally Graded Epoxy Resin with Alumina Fillers and its Simulation by Using a Centrifugal Method

Hayashi

Tsuru²,

Onoda³

et al. 2004

IEEJ Trans. FM

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Functionally graded materials that had gradient profiles of permittivity (i.e., ε-FGMs) were fabricated from an alumina/epoxy mixture by a centrifugal method. Gradient distribution of both the packing fraction and size of the dispersed alumina fillers was confirmed by SEM images. Furthermore, a new numerical method to simulate the fabrication process was proposed based on the movement of solid particles dispersed in the viscous liquid under the centrifugal operation. In the simulation, both the cumulative probability of the practical filler diameter and the existence and growth of the fully-packed layer were taken in account. Permittivity profiles in ε-FGM was calculated and compared with the experimental ones, resulting in reasonable agreement between them. Therefore, it is concluded that the simulation method proposed can be applied to model the similar process of fabricating FGMs by the centrifugal method. The gradient of the fillers is intentionally regulated not only by changing in both the velocity and/or duration of the centrifugal operation, but also by changing in the distribution of filler size. In particular, existence of fillers with various sizes is indispensable to attain and control the centrifugal process because the fillers, depending on their sizes, play different roles in determining the profiles of packing fraction and resultant permittivity.

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